Rum ndi choposa chakumwa chokhala ndi mzimu

Rum ali ndi osewera atsopano kuti alowe pamsika

Ramu. Pachiyambi

Rum ndi choposa chakumwa chokhala ndi mzimu. Rum wachita mbali zofunika kwambiri pazachuma komanso ndale zapadziko lonse lapansi. Rum yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndalama, monga gawo la miyambo yachipembedzo, chizindikiro chokhudzana ndi chiwerewere pakati pa asilikali ankhondo a Temperance, komanso ngati gawo la thanzi la chakudya ndi zakumwa za British Navy.

Rum inali yogulitsa kunja kwambiri kuchokera ku atsamunda ku New England ndipo yakhala yofunika kwambiri m'mabizinesi. Inalimbikitsa chikhalidwe, ndi ndondomeko zachuma zomwe zinayambitsa ndi kulimbikitsa malonda a akapolo, zigawenga zotsutsana ndi akapitawo omwe anaziletsa ndi abwanamkubwa omwe amayesa kuzilamulira. Ramu wakhala akukondweretsedwa ndi olemba, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powombera ndi ndale, ndipo amapereka chitonthozo ndi mphotho kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amadula nzimbe ndipo, atatha kumwa, adabwerera kumunda kukapanga ramu yambiri.

Kufikira ku 21st Century

Nzimbe zinayamba kulimidwa ku Papua, New Guinea, ndipo poyamba zidafufuzidwa mu -350 BC ku India komwe zakumwa zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mankhwala. Analimidwa ndikutumizidwa ku Africa, ndi Spain. M'zaka za m'ma 1400 ofufuza adatsegula njira zamalonda ndipo zilumba zakutali zinapereka nyengo yabwino yolima nzimbe ndipo anali ndi madzi ambiri. Ku Azores, Canary Islands ndi Caribbean akapolo anapereka ntchito.

Akapolo a ku Africa adalandira malipiro ambiri kuti apereke akapolo kwa atsamunda a ku Ulaya ndipo malipiro omwe ankafunidwa kwambiri anali mowa. Barbados, koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1600, inali ndi nyengo yabwino ya nzimbe, komanso ofufuza Richard Ligon adabweretsa ukatswiri wa nzimbe kuchokera ku Brazil, kuphatikiza zida, akapolo, ndi njira zopangira nzimbe pachilumbachi. Chifukwa cha Ligon, m'zaka zosachepera 10 ogulitsa shuga aku Barbados adakhala ena olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi msika wotukuka wa shuga ndi rum.

Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 17 (1655) Admiral Penn wa zombo za ku Britain analanda Jamaica kuchokera ku Spanish ndikusintha mowa kuti ulowe m'malo ndi mzimu wa nzimbe wopangidwa kwanuko. Pamene adachoka ku Jamaica, adapeza kuti ramuyo inali ndi ubwino wachilengedwe wokhalabe wotsekemera mumtsuko kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa madzi kapena mowa.

M'zaka za zana la 18 (1731) Bungwe la Navy Board linapanga ramu chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku, pinti imodzi ya vinyo kapena theka la pinti ya ramu kuti aperekedwe muwiri wofanana tsiku lililonse. Unali mwayi wabwino ndiponso wamtengo wapatali umene unawateteza ku makhalidwe oipa a m’nyanja ya m’nyanja. M'zaka za m'ma 19 (1850) ramu idakhazikitsidwa pachisanu ndi chitatu cha pint mpaka idathetsedwa mu 1970.

Nkhani yomaliza ya Navy inachitika pa July 31, 1970, yotchedwa "Black Tot Day" ndipo First Sea Lord inati, "chiwerengero chachikulu pakati pa tsiku sichinali mankhwala abwino kwa iwo omwe amayenera kuthana ndi zinsinsi zamagetsi za Navy. .”

Kodi Rum ndi chiyani

Rum amapangidwa m'maiko opitilira 80 ndipo kuphatikiza kwapadera kumapezeka ku Africa, Asia, South America, Caribbean, Philippines, United States, Europe, ndi mayiko aku Scandinavia. Posachedwapa matembenuzidwe akale a ramu adasinthidwanso ndikukonzedwanso ndipo ambiri tsopano akulandira kuwomba m'manja komweko ndikuganiziridwa ngati kachasu wa Scotch wabwino pozindikira kuti ramu ndi yovuta ngati vinyo.

Mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa ramu ndi madzi a nzimbe omwe amafufuzidwa ndi kutchedwa Rhum Agricole kapena Cachaca ndipo amapangidwa ku Brazil komanso madera omwe kale ankalamulidwa ndi France. Ogulitsa ma boutique kumadera ena adziko lapansi tsopano akukulitsa masitayelo awo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a morphed kuti alowe m'misika yatsopano.

Palibe mawu ovomerezeka ovomerezeka a rums otengera madzi a nzimbe ngakhale ma distillers ku French Caribbean amatsutsa kuti zinthu zawo zokha ziyenera kutchedwa Rhum Agricole ndipo malamulo aku Brazil amati Cachaca imatha kupangidwa mdzikolo kokha.

Ramu ya nzimbe ingapangidwe kokha pamene zomera za shuga zakhwima ndi kutulutsa madzi atsopano; Komabe, ma ramu opangidwa ndi molasi amatha kupangidwa chaka chonse kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zasungidwa. Ma distillers omwe amagwiritsa ntchito molasses ngati zopangira sangatengere liwu lachi French la rums, Rhum Industriel.

Molasses ndiye matope otsala kuchokera kumadzi owiritsa a nzimbe atachotsedwa shuga. Zomwe sizinapangidwe kukhala ramu zikhoza kuikidwa m'botolo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito paphikidwe kapena kuziwonjezera ku chakudya cha ziweto. Molasi waiwisi umakoma mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi nzimbe, nthaka, ndi nyengo.

Ma ramu distillers amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito migolo yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale kuvinyo kapena bourbon kuti alowetse mankhwala awo ndi kukoma kovutirapo panthawi yaukalamba; maiko ena amafuna kuti ramu isungidwe osachepera miyezi 8 kuti atchulidwe kuti ndi okalamba; ena amafuna zaka 2 ndipo ena samayika malangizo.

Distillation ndi njira yothira mchere kuchokera ku chosakaniza chotupitsa chotchedwa wort ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amatchulidwa kwa akatswiri a alchemists Achiarabu ndi Aperisi a Middle Ages. Komabe, lingaliro ili linathetsedwa pamene terracotta yathunthu idadziwikabe mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Taxila, Pakistan. Alembic akadali (poyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 5000 zapitazo), ndi mphika wadothi wokhala ndi dome wokhala ndi chopopera chotuluka chomwe chimathira mu mbale yophimbidwa ndipo pakali pano ikupezeka mu distillery yamakono.

Ma Rums Apeza Giredi

Ma ramu ena amawonetsa zokonda zakomweko pomwe ena amapita kumsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Makalasi ndi kusiyanasiyana kumadalira malo: 

o Ramu yoyera kapena yoyera. Ambiri amagulitsidwa pa 80 umboni (40 peresenti mowa ndi voliyumu); nthawi zambiri zaka 1+; zosefedwa kuchotsa mtundu.

o Golide kapena Rumu Wotuwa. Nthawi zambiri wokalamba zaka zingapo; utoto ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti ukhale wosasinthasintha; yang'anani zokometsera zobisika za vanila, amondi, citrus, caramel kapena kokonati kutengera mtundu wa mbiya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukalamba.

o Ramu Wakuda. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'migolo ya oak kwa nthawi yayitali; chokoma kwambiri kuposa ma ramu oyera, ramu yosakanizika komanso mwina zokometsera.

o Black Rum. Wopangidwa kuchokera ku molasses; amasunga zambiri za molasses wolemera ndi kununkhira kwa caramel; ikhoza kupakidwa utoto ndi caramel yowotchedwa kuti ikwaniritse mawonekedwe; zofunika pa kuphika ndi kupanga maswiti; amapereka zokometsera zotsekemera zotsekemera ku makeke, maswiti, maswiti, ndi sauces; mbiya nthawi zambiri zimawotchedwa kapena kuwotchedwa kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhunizo zikhale zokometsera kwambiri.

pa Navy Rum. Ma Rums akuda, athunthu ogwirizana ndi British Royal Navy.

o Premium Age Rum. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Anejo" m'zigawo za Chisipanishi; amasangalala mwaukhondo kapena pamiyala; kutenga mitundu yakuda ndi yolemera chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe mumakhala migolo; ikhoza kukhala ndi mawu ku US ndi maiko ena onena za zaka zomwe zikuyimira ramu yochepera kwambiri pamsanganizo.

o Vintage Rum. Ma ramu ambiri aku US omwe amagulitsidwa amaphatikizidwa kuchokera kumagwero angapo asanayambe kubotolo; ma ramu ena apadera amasungidwa m'mabotolo kuchokera kuzaka zakutsogolo zakubadwa; zolembedwa ndi chaka chimene iwo anasungunulidwa ndi malo chiyambi chawo.

o Kusakwanira. Ma Rum ambiri ogulitsa ku US ndi umboni wa 80-100 (40-50 peresenti ya mowa).

kapena Rhum Agricole. Chotupitsa ndi kusungunulidwa kuchokera ku madzi a nzimbe wangwiro, watsopano; wothiridwa pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya mowa womwe umalola Rhum kusunga kukoma koyambirira kwa madzi a nzimbe; Gulu lapadera la Rhum limapangidwa makamaka kumadera aku France ku Caribbean, makamaka Martinique.

kapena Rhum Vieux. Ramu wachi French wakale

Wodalirika. Utsogoleri wa Rum Professional

Eric Holmes Kaye yemwe ali ndi mbiri yoimba ndi kutsatsa, ndi Maura Gedid, wodziwa zambiri pazachuma komanso kulumikizana ndi makampani, amabweretsa maziko apadera kumakampani a Rum/mizimu. Chilakolako chawo cha rums ndi kufunitsitsa kosatha kwa zokumana nazo zatsopano zimatheketsa ma neophyte komanso odzipereka a rum kudziwa zatsopano komanso zapadera za Rum mosavutikira kudzera muzochita zawo zamabizinesi kudzera ku Holmes Cay Rum. Kudzera ku Holmes Cay, ogula amatha kupeza ma ramu ochepa omwe amaphatikiza kuphatikiza kwapadera kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza South Africa ndi Fiji,

Holmes Cay amagula ma ramu abwino kwambiri ang'onoang'ono ochepa omwe amathiridwa ndikuyikidwa m'mabotolo popanda zowonjezera. Zosindikizira za Cask Single ndi zakale m'mabokosi ndipo zolemba za Single Origin zimaphatikiza ma casks angapo ndi masitaelo opangira kuti apange mawu oyambira kuchokera ku distillery kapena dera lomwe anapatsidwa.

Kuti muyamikire zosonkhanitsira za Holmes Cay, chotsani nthawi yomweyo malingaliro onse am'mbuyomu a zomwe Rum ali, ayi, ndi/kapena angakhale. Tsegulani maso anu, mphuno, pakamwa, ndi malingaliro anu, ndipo khalani okonzekera Rum Transformation:

1. Mhoba 2017 South Africa. Rum yoyamba yaku South Africa yogulitsidwa ku United States. Yang'anani kununkhira kwa shuga wa nzimbe pamodzi ndi kukoma kwa chinanazi chowotchedwa, tsabola woyera, ndi zipatso za m'madera otentha zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro a fennel. Kumaliza kwapakati ndikudabwitsa komwe kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi utsi.

2. Fiji Rum. 2004 Single Origin Edition. Uku ndi kusakaniza kwa mphika wocheperako wopangidwa ndi molasses komanso ma ramu osungunuka ochokera ku South Pacific Distilleries ku Lautoka, Fiji. Woyikidwa m'mabotolo popanda chigololo kupitilira kuwonjezera madzi ndikuyikidwa mu botolo laling'ono la mabotolo 2260. Samalani popeza Fiji Rum ili ndi botolo pamaumboni apamwamba kuposa ma rum osakanikirana.

Mtundu wonyezimira wonyezimira umatanthawuza zochitika za maso. Zowoneka bwino za Aroma udzu wodulidwa, zipatso za citrus (makamaka mandimu, ndi peel yowawa ya lalanje), singano za paini, ndi tsabola zimapatsa mphuno pamene m'kamwa mumamva cloves ndi uchi komanso kutha modzidzimutsa (?) - kukhudza udzu ndi tsabola.

3. Uitvlgut. 2003. Guyana. Mabokosi anayi okha (mabotolo 858) a Rum awa ndi omwe apangidwa. Wokalamba zaka 2 ku Guyana ndi zaka 16 ku UK m'mabokosi akale a bourbon asanatsekeredwe m'botolo umboni wa 102 ku New York State mu 2012.

Kununkhira / kukoma kwapadera kumapangidwa popanda shuga, mtundu, kapena zokometsera zina; kumwa mowa molingana ndi mbiya, kapena 51 peresenti ya mowa ndi voliyumu.

Mdulidwe wa Molasses, wopangidwa ndi ramu umakhalabe ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino la uchi wagolide wopepuka ndi fungo lamadzi a m'nyanja. M'kamwa mumapeza zipatso zakutentha, ma almond, zitsamba, ndi koko.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhaniyi siyingabwerezedwe popanda chilolezo cholembedwa kuchokera kwa wolemba.