SHANGHAI - Ngati apaulendo aku America akuganiza kuti ali ndi vuto masiku ano, taganizirani zomwe zidachitikira okwera ndege 18 zaku China posachedwa.
Ndegezo zidanyamuka kuchokera ku eyapoti ya Kunming kumwera kwa China. Ena anatembenuka m’mwamba. Ena anafika kumene ankapita; koma osalola okwera ndege kunyamuka, ndegezo zinawulukira ku Kunming. Nyengo sinali vuto, kapenanso vuto la makina, ofufuza adatero. M'malo mwake, kunali kusamvera pamodzi kwa oyendetsa ndege osakondwera ndi malipiro awo, ndandanda yotopetsa ndi kusowa mpumulo komanso mapangano a moyo wawo wonse omwe angathe kuwathetsa mwa kulipira ndalama zambiri.
Bungwe la Civil Aviation Administration la ku China lapereka chindapusa kwa wonyamula ndegeyo pafupifupi $215,000 ndikumulanda njira zina zapakhomo. Koma bungweli silinathetse vuto lomwe linali lalikulu: makampani oyendetsa ndege omwe akuvutika kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapaulendo ndi kuchepa kwa oyendetsa ndege komanso malamulo ndi kasamalidwe kachikale.
Molimbikitsidwa ndi kukula kwachuma cha dziko komanso kukwera kwachuma, ndege zaku China zidakwera anthu 185 miliyoni chaka chatha, kukwera ndi 34% kuchokera zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Izi ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a kuchuluka kwa anthu aku US. Onyamula ndege aku China akugula mazana a ndege zatsopano koma akuyesetsa kupeza anthu oti aziwulutsa.
"Zomwe zikuchitika pano ndikuti, mukufunika oyendetsa ndege onse kuti ayendetse zomwe akufuna," atero a Tian Baohua, Purezidenti wa Beijing-based Civil Aviation Management Institute of China.
Chisokonezo sichinabwere pa nthawi yoyipitsitsa. Masewera a Olimpiki achilimwe ku Beijing akuyandikira ndipo alendo okwana 2 miliyoni akuyembekezeka kumasewerawa, kufunikira kwaulendo wandege kukuyenera kukwera. China yapanga mbiri yolemekezeka yachitetezo m'zaka zaposachedwa, koma zomwe zachitika posachedwa zasiya owulutsa mantha.
"Kukwera ndege kukuwoneka ngati kondiwopsyeza pang'ono," atero a Xi Ping, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa kampani yamagetsi ku Shanghai yemwe amawuluka kangapo pamwezi. “Nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi nkhawa za chitetezo paulendo wandege, ndipo masiku ano ndimada nkhawa ngati oyendetsa ndege ali bwino. . . . Ngati oyendetsa ndege abwereranso ulendo watha [ku Kunming], ndikudabwa nthawi ina ngati angachite china choipitsitsa.
Woyendetsa ndege waboma monga China Eastern amapanga pafupifupi $45,000 pachaka, ndipo oyendetsa nawo theka la iwo. Pamiyezo wamba yaku China, ndizo ndalama zabwino. Koma oyendetsa ndege ofananirako kumakampani azinsinsi aku China amatha kupeza 50% yowonjezera.
Kuposa malipiro, oyendetsa ndege ambiri amanena kuti ng'ombe yawo yaikulu ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito yolanga.
Pansi pa malamulo aku China, ndege zimayenera kupatsa oyendetsa ndege masiku awiri otsatizana opuma pa sabata. Koma oyendetsa ndege amati mamanejala amawagwira ntchito masiku asanu ndi limodzi pa sabata ndikumawaletsa nthawi ina, zomwe zimadzetsa kutopa komanso kudzutsa nkhawa.
"M'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri imodzi, ndinali ndisanagwire ngakhale maola 48 otsatizana," adatero kaputeni wazaka 35 waku China Eastern wotchedwa Wu. Msilikali wazaka 13, yemwe amagwira ntchito kumpoto kwa China, sanatchule dzina lake lonse, ponena kuti ali ndi nkhawa ndi kubwezera kampani.
Ngakhale samavomereza zomwe anzake adachita ku Kunming pa Marichi 31 ndi Epulo 1, Wu akuti amamvetsetsa momwe akumvera. Iye anati: “Nthawi zambiri msana ndi m’chiuno mwanga zimandipweteka masiku ano. Posachedwapa adasiya ntchito yake chifukwa chokhumudwa ndi ndandanda yake yovutitsa.
China Eastern, imodzi mwazonyamula zazikulu zitatu mdzikolo, pamodzi ndi Air China ndi China Southern, anakana kuyankhapo.
Ndege zina zili m'mavuto ofanana. Mu Marichi, oyendetsa ndege 40 a Shanghai Airlines adapempha tchuthi chodwala nthawi yomweyo. Patatha milungu iwiri, oyendetsa ndege a 11 East Star Airlines anachitanso chimodzimodzi.
Onse, oyendetsa ndege pafupifupi 200, kuphatikiza pafupifupi 70 ku China Eastern, achitapo kanthu kuti athetse mapangano a ntchito ndi owalemba ntchito. Ndi gawo laling'ono la oyendetsa ndege opitilira 10,000 ku China, koma ena ambiri angaganize zosiya kapena kusintha zonyamula, ngati angakwanitse.
Ambiri aiwo adasaina mapangano a moyo wawo wonse ndi makampani a ndege, omwe mwamwambo amatsata ndalama zoyendetsera sukulu yoyendetsa ndege ndi maphunziro. Izi zitha kuyendetsa $100,000 munthu.
Posafuna kusiya ndalama zawo, oyendetsa ndege akufuna kuti oyendetsa ndege apereke ndalama zokwana $ 1 miliyoni kuti achoke, atero a Zhang Qihuai, loya ku Beijing Lanpeng Law Firm, yemwe akuyimira oyendetsa ndege 50 omwe afuna kusagwirizana kapena kupereka ma suti motsutsana ndi ndege zisanu ndi zitatu.
Pakalipano, ndi ochepa okha omwe apeza mpumulo kuchokera ku makhothi kapena akuluakulu a ndege.
Akatswiri amatsutsa mabungwe a ndege komanso boma chifukwa cholola kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino.
"Zonse zomwe ndege zimaganizira ndikuchulukitsa ndege. Makampani omwe amagulitsa ndege samapereka oyendetsa ndege,” adatero Tian wa malo oyendetsa ndege ogwirizana ndi boma. "Boma liyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndege zatsopano."
Zhang adati sikunali koyenera kuletsa kuyenda kwa oyendetsa ndege pazachuma chamsika. Ndege zambiri, akuti, zimagwira ntchito ngati China ikadali chuma chokonzekera, momwe antchito amayenera kukhala ndi bizinesi moyo wawo wonse.
China Eastern yochokera ku Shanghai ndi ndege yachitatu pazikuluzikulu mdziko muno yokhala ndi okwera 39 miliyoni chaka chatha (ochuluka ngati kukula kwa US Airways), komanso ndege yokhayo yomwe ili ndi maulendo achindunji kuchokera ku Los Angeles kupita ku Shanghai. Wonyamula ngongoleyo wadzudzulidwa chifukwa cha kusawongolera bwino komanso ubale wa ogwira ntchito.
Pambuyo pazovuta zaposachedwa za oyendetsa ndege ku Kunming, China Eastern poyamba idaumirira kuti maulendo obwererawo anali okhudzana ndi nyengo. Zomwe zachitikazi zasokonezanso mbiri ya kampaniyo komanso kuwononga kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakwera, atero ogwira ntchito paulendo.
"Tsopano ngakhale ndege zina zitachedwa chifukwa cha nyengo, okwera ndege sangakhulupirire," adatero Tian.
China Eastern ndi ndege zina zaboma akumvanso kutentha chifukwa cha kukwera kwa oyendetsa ndege.
China Express Airlines, kampani yonyamula anthu olowa nawo limodzi yokhala ku Guiyang kum'mwera kwa China, idayamba kugwira ntchito posachedwa ndi ndege zitatu zobwereketsa ku Shandong Airlines.
Mneneri wa China Express a Xu Yin ati kampaniyo ikufuna kuwonjezera ndege zisanu chaka chino, koma sakudziwa komwe ipeza oyendetsa. Akuluakulu oyendetsa ndege ku China aletsa oyendetsa ndege kuti asakope oyendetsa ndege ena ndi ma phukusi abwino kwambiri.
China Express yalonjeza kuti idzalemba ganyu ophunzira 50 omwe adalembetsa kusukulu yoyendetsa ndege ndi ndalama zawo. Koma sadzakhala okonzeka kuwulutsa ndege zamalonda posachedwa. Xu sanganene kuti adzalandira ndalama zingati, koma akuti China Express ikulipira antchito ake apano a oyendetsa ndege 30 kuposa omwe ali ku Shandong Airlines.
Ndege zina zapadera zaku China zalemba oyendetsa ndege akunja, akulipira $ 8,000 mpaka $ 12,000 pamwezi, malinga ndi oyendetsa ndege aku China, omwe amadandaula kuti olemba anzawo ntchito amagwira ntchito maola ocheperako ndipo amasangalala ndi ndalama zolipirira nyumba zomwe oyendetsa ndege aku China amatha kulota.
"Ndikumva za izi?" adatero Zhang Zongming, woyendetsa ndege ku Hainan Airlines. "Ndikumva kuti ndine wopanda mphamvu."
Zhang, wazaka 44, ankafuna kuyenda pandege kuyambira ali mnyamata ku Tianjin, mzinda wakum'maŵa kwa Beijing. Pokhala pafupi ndi bwalo la ndege, “Ndinkatha kuona ndege zikuuluka m’mwamba nthaŵi zonse, ndipo ndinasangalala nazo,” iye anatero. Chotero asilikali atafika m’tauni kudzalemba ntchito omaliza maphunziro a kusekondale, iye analembetsa.
Anaphunzira zowuluka usilikali ndipo analowa Hainan Airlines mu 1997.
Kuyambira monga wophunzira woyendetsa ndege, anali wokondwa kupeza ndalama zokwana madola 600 pamwezi. Ndege yachinyamatayi inali ndi ndege zisanu ndi imodzi zokha komanso oyendetsa ndege ena 60, adatero. "Kampani yonse idatipatsa chisangalalo chochuluka."
Koma Hainan ataphatikizana ndi ndege zing'onozing'ono, ndikuwonjezera ndege zambiri ndi antchito mazanamazana, Zhang adati malipiro a abwana a inshuwaransi yazaumoyo ndi penshoni amayimitsidwa pafupipafupi popanda chifukwa. Maola ogwira ntchito anachuluka. Zhang adati zopempha zake zatchuthi zinali zovuta kuti zivomerezedwe.
Hainan Airlines, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Hainan, sanayankhe pempho loti apereke ndemanga. Mu Novembala, atatha zaka 11 ndi kampaniyo, Zhang adasiya ntchito. Iye adati malipiro ake opitilira $7,500 pamwezi alibenso kanthu.
Ndinazindikira kuti ngati ndipitirizabe kugwira ntchito chonchi, zingawononge thanzi langa.
travel.latimes.com
