Wobadwira ku Bra, luso lake linali loyenera pamene iye ndi anzake adapanga Friends of Barolo Association. Gululo linapanga mndandanda wa vinyo, kuphatikizapo mapepala a deta okhala ndi zolemba za chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe pamapeto pake chinadzakhala kalozera wa Vini d'Italia.
Vinyo Alowa Ndale
Ku Italy, Petrini adawona gulu lazakudya zaku America lomwe likubwera mwachangu.
Anaona kutsikako komwe kumawopseza miyambo ya zakudya zakumaloko, ndipo chiyamikiro cha “chakudya chabwino” chinali kuzimiririka. Pobwezera, adayambitsa kutsutsa ku Italy (1986), akukankhira kuti asatsegule McDonald's pafupi ndi mbiri yakale ya Spanish Steps ku Rome.
M’chaka chomwechi (1986), anthu 23 anamwalira akumwa vinyo wosanjidwa ndi methyl alcohol (mankhwala opezeka mu antifreeze). Poyizoniyi idagwedeza makampani avinyo aku Italy ndikukakamiza kuyimitsidwa kwa malonda onse ogulitsa vinyo mpaka mavinyowo atatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi otetezeka. Kufa kumeneku kunabwera chifukwa chomwa vinyo wa ku Italy wokhala ndi methyl, kapena nkhuni, mowa kuti akweze mowa wa vinyowo kufika pa avareji ya 12 peresenti.
Kuipitsidwaku sikunapezeke muvinyo wabwino wa ku Italy womwe nthawi zambiri umatumizidwa ku USA pansi pa zilembo zolembedwa kuti DOC (Denominazione de Origine Controllata), kutanthauza malamulo aku Italy olamulira vinyo wabwino kuchokera kumunda wa mpesa kudzera mukupanga ndi kugulitsa. Nkhaniyi idalumikizidwa ndi mavinyo otsika mtengo otsika mtengo omwe amagulitsidwa kumayiko oyandikana nawo aku Europe kuti asakanizidwe ndi vinyo wawo wakumaloko. Mavinyo otsika mtengo, osasinthika omwe amagulitsidwa ngati vina di tavola kugulitsa kunja kwa chigawo ndi kugulitsidwa kwanuko pamtengo wamtengo wapatali zinali zotsika mtengo kotero kuti vinyo wonyengedwa yekha ndi amene angapindule.
Komabe, kuwopsa kwa chigawengacho kudalowa mumsika wonse wavinyo waku Italiya, ndipo gawoli linadetsa vinyo aliyense komanso wopanga.
Chifukwa cha poyizoni, dziko la Denmark linaletsa kutumizidwa kwa vinyo ku Italy, motsatira mapazi a West Germany ndi Belgium. Switzerland idalanda ma galoni opitilira 1 miliyoni a vinyo omwe akuwakayikira, ndipo France idalanda magaloni 4.4 miliyoni, kulengeza kuti iwononga magaloni osachepera 1.3 miliyoni omwe apezeka kuti adaipitsidwa. Machenjezo aboma anatumizidwa kwa ogula ku Britain ndi Austria.
Aliyense, kulikonse, adatsutsa kukhulupirika kwa vinyo waku Italiya, ndikudziwitsanso zamakampani m'magawo onse.
Kupitilira Izo
Dziko la France ndi Germany litazindikira ndi kulanda vinyo wambiri woipitsidwa, Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Italy unapereka lamulo lakuti vinyo onse a ku Italy ayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi labotale ya boma ndi kunyamula chikalata chotsimikizira asanatumizidwe kunja.
Izi zinapangitsa kuti vinyo waku Italy azitumiza kunja, ndipo boma lidavomereza kuti mwa zitsanzo 12,585, 274 zidapezeka kuti zili ndi mowa wambiri wa methyl (NY Times, Epulo 9, 1986).
Mu 1988, Arcigola Slow Food ndi Gambero Rosso adasindikiza buku loyamba la Vini d'Italia guide. Chikalatachi chinatsatiridwa mu 1992 ndi buku loyamba la Guida al Vino Quotidiano (Guide to Daily Wine), lomwe linaphatikizapo ndemanga za vinyo wabwino kwambiri wa ku Italy kuchokera ku mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Inakhala chithandizo chamtengo wapatali pa zosankha za tsiku ndi tsiku za vinyo.
Pachiyambi cha 21st zaka zana (2004), Banki ya Wine idapangidwa kuti ilimbikitse cholowa cha vinyo ku Italy kudzera m'maphunziro ophunzitsira komanso kuteteza vinyo woti azikalamba. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake (2007), Vignerons d'Europe, ku Montpelier, Salon du Gout et des Saveurs d'Origine inakondwerera zaka 100 kuchokera pamene alimi a vinyo a Languedoc anapanduka.
Magazini yoyamba ya Vinerons d'Europe inagwirizanitsa opanga vinyo ambiri ku Ulaya pa mkangano wokhudzana ndi zovuta zomwe dziko lakhala likukulirakulira padziko lonse lapansi, kuvomereza mavuto omwe makampani a vinyo akukumana nawo chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma komanso maonekedwe a anthu a ku Italy.
Kusintha Kwambiri. Slow Vinyo
Mpaka pano, vinyo ankawunikidwa pa nambala. Kuchokera kwa Robert Parker ndi ndemanga zofananira, ogula adaphunzira kuwerenga manambala, ndipo kukweza kwa Parker, m'pamenenso angagule vinyo weniweniwo.
Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zikuchitika m'munda wamphesa zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza (molakwika) feteleza, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi ma fungicides kuti athane ndi tizirombo, matenda, ndi mildew zomwe zidakhudza kukolola kwa vinyo.
Komabe, mankhwala opangira udzu amawononga chilengedwe ndi kuwononga nthaka ndi nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuchititsa madzi osefukira, kuipitsa, kutayika kwa nthaka, ndi zoopsa zina za chilengedwe.
Lowani mugulu la Slow Wine ndi nthumwi zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimayika patsogolo kasungidwe kazinthu zachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito kasamalidwe ka nthaka. Mu 2011, Buku la Slow Wine Guide lidasindikizidwa, ndikusuntha chidwi kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa vinyo kupita ku chilengedwe chachikulu chomwe chimaphatikizapo zenizeni za wineries, opanga, ndi malo opanga.
Bukhuli lidayamikiridwa chifukwa choposa mndandanda wa osewera ofunika; zidapangitsa chidwi cha ogula kuchoka pa manambala/zochuluka mpaka kufotokoza kalembedwe ka vinyo ndi njira zaulimi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mu 2012 Slow Wine Tours adayambitsidwa ndikuphatikizanso kuyendera malo opangira vinyo ku New York, Chicago, ndi San Francisco. M'zaka zotsatira, wineries ku Germany, Denmark, Japan, Canada, ndi Slovenia (2017). Mu 2018 California idachezeredwa, ndipo ma wineries 50 adawunikiridwa.
Mu 2019 Oregon idaphatikizidwa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Washington State. Posachedwapa, gulu la Slow Wine limawunikiranso malo opangira vinyo ku China, kuphatikiza Ningxia, Xinyang, Shandong, Hebei, Gansu, Yunnan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi, ndi Tibet.
Alliance
Slow Wine Coalition idakhazikitsidwa mu 2021. Ndi network yapadziko lonse lapansi yoluka pamodzi zigawo zonse zamakampani opanga vinyo. Gulu la vinyo latsopanoli lidayambitsa kusintha kotengera kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe, chitetezo cha malo, komanso kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu akumidzi. Bungweli linapanga Manifesto yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri vinyo wabwino, woyera, komanso wachilungamo.
Kufunika kwa Kuyenda Pang'onopang'ono kwa Vinyo: Mapu a Msewu
Ndizovuta kulowa m'sitolo ya vinyo, kuyenda m'njira zavinyo m'sitolo yayikulu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba la intaneti la ogulitsa vinyo. Pali mazana (mwina masauzande) avinyo ochokera kumadera onse a dziko lapansi ndi mitundu yambiri yamitengo, ndemanga, ndi malingaliro. Kodi wogula angadziwe bwanji kupanga chisankho mwanzeru? Kodi ogula ali ndi chidwi ndi mitundu (yofiira, yoyera, kapena yotuwa), fizz kapena yosalala, kukoma, mtengo, dziko lochokera, kusasunthika, ndi/kapena miyandamiyanda yamafunso ena omwe amakhudza kugula ndi kukoma. Bukhu la Slow Wine Guide limapereka mapu amsewu kwa wogula vinyo, momveka bwino komanso mwachidule machitidwe aulimi, ndikulimbikitsa malo opangira vinyo omwe amatsatira malingaliro (opanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo).
Slow Wine amachokera ku Slow Food movement; ndi chikhalidwe cha maganizo ndipo amapereka chimango cha ulimi ngati ntchito zonse. Gululi lili ndi mwayi wofunsa njira zaulimi pambuyo pa mafakitale ndikuwunikanso zomwe timadya (zakudya ndi vinyo) pokhudzana ndi kukhazikika komanso kuopsa kokhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Bungwe la Movement likugwira ntchito yophunzitsa ogula za kuopsa kwa chakudya chofulumira komanso kulimbikitsana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kuyendetsa nkhokwe zambewu kuti asunge mitundu ya cholowa. Lingaliroli lafalikira ku mafakitale ena kuphatikiza mafashoni ocheperako omwe amawunikira ndikulimbikitsa malipiro abwino komanso chilengedwe, komanso kuyenda pang'onopang'ono komwe kumayesa kuthana ndi zokopa alendo. Ku USA, Buku la Slow Wine Guide ndi buku lokhalo la vinyo m'dziko lino lomwe limaika patsogolo kasamalidwe ka nthaka, ndi cholinga chopereka chidziwitso kwa ogula.
Kutsuka kwa Green
Chovuta ku gulu la Slow Wine ndi GREENWASHING. Mchitidwewu umatanthawuza mabizinesi omwe amasokeretsa ogula kuti aganize kuti zomwe amachita, malonda awo, kapena ntchito zawo zimachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe kuposa momwe amachitira, zomwe zimasiya ogula osokonezeka komanso okhumudwa. Izi zimabwezeretsanso udindo pamapewa a ogula, zomwe zimafuna kuti azichita kafukufuku wambiri kuti adziwe momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zikufufuzidwa sizipezeka.
Slow Wine World Tour 2023. Dziwani za Oltrepo Pavese. New York
Posachedwapa ndidapezeka pamwambo wa Slow Wine ku Manhattan womwe unkawonetsa dera la vinyo la ku Italy la Oltrepo Pavese (Kumpoto kwa Italy, kumadzulo kwa Milan). Uwu ndi dera lakale kwambiri la vinyo komwe kupanga vinyo kumayambira nthawi zachiroma. Derali limayang'anira chigwa pakati pa Alps ndi Apennines kumpoto kwa Italy. Kumpoto kwa Mtsinje wa Po ndi mzinda wakale wa Pavia. Dera la vinyo la Oltrepo limakhala ndi mapiri ndi mapiri - malo abwino olima mphesa. Ili ndi ma kilomita 3600 ndipo imaphatikizapo ma municipalities 16.
M’nthawi ya Ufumu wa Aroma, panali kuyesa kupanga vinyo amene anali kupikisana ndi vinyo wa ku Greece. Panthaŵiyo, vinyo wachigiriki anali wodziŵika bwino ndi wokhumbidwa kwambiri mwa vinyo amene analipo. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa viticulture m'derali ndikuchokera ku Codex Etruscus (850 AD). Kulima ndi kupanga vinyo kunatchuka kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 15th zaka mazana ambiri ndipo adadziwika kuti ndi gawo lazaulimi.
Oltrepo imatulutsa pafupifupi theka la vinyo kuchokera kudera la Lombardy, pafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa Asti ndi Chianti. Pali maekala pafupifupi 9880 a mipesa ya Pinot Noir ndikupangitsa kukhala likulu la Pinot Noir. Mphesa zimathyoledwa atangoyamba kupsa pakhungu zomwe zimawonetsa acidity yabwino komanso shuga.
Dothilo limapangidwa ndi miyala yakale (Terra Rossa), ndipo imapatsa derali anthu olemera komanso dongo kuti mipesa ikule. M’nthaka mulinso chitsulo chambiri. Nyengo ndi yofanana ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean yomwe imapezeka pafupi ndi mapiri a Alps ndi nyengo yotentha. nyengo yachisanu, ndi mvula yochepa.
Vinyo Wopangidwa
Mavinyo ofiira otsogola ndi Cabernet Sauvignon ndi Pinot Nero, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokalamba mbiya yaying'ono kuti awonjezere kukoma. Zosankha za vinyo woyera zimaphatikizapo Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling Italico, Riesling, ndi Pinto Nero. Spumante imafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachikhalidwe yopangira vinyo wa aseptic ndipo imatha kukhala ndi 30 peresenti ya Pinot Nero, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Grigio, ndi Chardonnay. Sparkling Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico ali ndi gulu la DOCG kuyambira 2007.
M'malingaliro anga
Kuchitapo kanthu kuti mupeze Mavinyo a Slow dera:
1. La Versa. Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico Brut Testarossa 2016. 100 peresenti Pinot Nero. Wokalamba kwa miyezi yosachepera 36 pa lees.
La Versa idakhazikitsidwa ndi Cesare Gustavo Faravelli mu 1905 kuti apange vinyo wabwino kwambiri yemwe amawonetsa gawo lakwawo. Masiku ano ndiwodziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndikuzindikiridwa ndi Mphotho ya Wine ya Decanter, Vinyo Wochepa, Gambero Rosso, ndi Winery Yabwino Kwambiri ku Oltreo Pavese (2019).
Ndemanga:
M'maso mwake, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tagolide. Mphuno imakondwera ndi malingaliro a maapulo ofiira ndi obiriwira, zokometsera za mandimu, mabisiketi, ndi hazelnuts. Palates amatsitsimutsidwa ndi acidity yopepuka, thupi lapakati, mousse yokoma, ndi mawonekedwe omwe amatsogolera ku maapulo, ndi manyumwa pomaliza.
2. Francesco Quaquarini. Sangue di Giuda del'Oltrepo Pavese 2021. Dera: Lombardy; Chigawo: Pavia; Zosiyanasiyana: 65 peresenti Croatina, 25 peresenti Barbera, 10 peresenti Ughetta di Canneto. Zachilengedwe. Kutsimikiziridwa ndi Organic Farming BIOS. Wokoma Pang'ono Wonyezimira
Banja la Quaquarini lapanga vinyo kwa mibadwo itatu. Panopa, malo opangira mphesa amatsogoleredwa ndi Francesco mogwirizana ndi mwana wake Umberto, ndi mwana wake wamkazi Maria Teresa. Winery ndi membala wa Association Producers of Cassese komanso membala wa charter wa Club ya Buttafuoco Storico. Umembala ukuphatikizanso District of Quality Wine ku Oltrepo Pavese ndi Consortium for the Protection of Oltrepo Pavese Wine.
Winery imapanga mapulogalamu ofufuza kuti apititse patsogolo ndikuwongolera njira zopangira. The winery utenga udzu njira (kukhalapo kwa dambo m'munda wa mpesa) mu kulima mpesa. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti mphesa zipse bwino.
The winery amadziwika kuti ntchito feteleza organic nyama ndi/kapena masamba chiyambi, kusunga zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kupewa njira kaphatikizidwe mankhwala, kukana GMOs, kupitiriza kafukufuku sayansi ntchito luso zimatsimikizira mfundo zapamwamba.
Ndemanga:
Kwa diso, ruby wofiira; mphuno imapeza fungo lamphamvu ndi malingaliro a maluwa ndi zipatso zofiira. M'kamwa mumapeza maswiti okoma kutanthauza kuti angasangalale ngati vinyo wa mchere wophatikizidwa ndi Panettone, Pandoro, tarts kapena mabisiketi amfupi, ndi zipatso zouma.
