Palm ya coco de mer ku Seychelles ndi nthano. Mbewu zake - zazikulu komanso zolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - zinkakhulupirira kuti zimamera pamitengo pansi pa mafunde a Nyanja ya Indian, ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zochiritsa. Ngakhale zitadziwika kuti mgwalangwa umamera panthaka youma, panabuka nthano yatsopano yakuti: Kuti mbewu izi zibereke, mbewu yaimuna ndi yaikazi imakumbatirana usiku wamphepo yamkuntho, kapena nkhani ya m’deralo imapita.
Nthanozo zikhoza kukhala choncho, koma kanjedza ikadali ndi chidwi chapadera. Stephen Blackmore wa ku Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK, anati: “Coco de mer ndi chomera chokhacho chochititsa chidwi chimene chingafanane ndi panda wamkulu kapena nyalugwe. Tsopano sayansi ya nthangala za kanjedza yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri.
Ndiye kodi zomera zimene zimamera m’dothi losaoneka bwino pazilumba ziwiri zokha zimabala bwanji mbewu zosawerengeka zomwe zimafika theka la mita m’mimba mwake ndipo zimatha kulemera pafupifupi makilogramu 25?
Iwo adapeza kuti masambawo ali ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous zomwe zimawonedwa m'masamba amitengo ina ndi zitsamba zomwe zimamera ku Seychelles. Komanso, masamba akale asanagwe, mgwalangwawo umachotsa bwino zakudya zambiri m’masambawo n’kuubwezeretsanso. Kuyika ndalama pang'ono pamasamba kumatanthauza kuti kanjedza ili ndi ndalama zambiri zogulira zipatso zake.
Kholo losamala
Koma iyi si njira yokhayo yomwe masamba amathandizira kukula kwa zipatso. Masamba akuluakulu, opindika, amatha kutulutsa madzi mu thunthu pa nthawi ya mvula. Kaiser-Bunbury ndi anzake adawonetsa kuti mtsinjewu wamadzi umanyamulanso detritus iliyonse yokhala ndi michere pamasamba - maluwa akufa, mungu, ndowe za mbalame ndi zina zambiri - ndikutsuka munthaka nthawi yomweyo m'munsi mwa kanjedza. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous m'nthaka 20 centimita kuchokera pa thunthu kunali kokwera ndi 50 peresenti kuposa m'nthaka pamtunda wa mita 2 okha.
Blackmore wawoneratu momwe madzi amayendera bwino masamba - kuposa machubu ena panyumba zakomweko, akutero. "Koma kuganiza za izo osati kungoyenda kwa madzi koma zakudya zopatsa thanzi kunali kofunikira kwambiri ndipo kumawonjezera kumvetsetsa kwa mtengo wodabwitsa uwu," Blackmore akuwonjezera.
Hans Lambers wa payunivesite ya Western Australia ku Crawley, yemwe amaphunzira za mmene zomera zimasinthira n’kukhala ndi phosphorous yochepa kwambiri m’nthaka ya kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Australia, anati masamba a coco de mer amene amapereka michere ndi “njira yosiyana kotheratu” .
Kupezaku kumalumikizidwa ndi chinthu china chodabwitsa chokhudza kanjedza: chikuwoneka ngati chapadera muufumu wamaluwa pakusamalira mbande zikamera. Mitengo yambiri yasanduka njere zomwe zimayenda - pamphepo kapena m'matumbo a nyama - kotero kuti mbande zisapikisane ndi kholo lawo popeza zinthu zomwezo. Zokhazikika pazilumba ziwiri ndipo sizimatha kuyandama, nthangala za coco de mer nthawi zambiri siziyenda kutali kwambiri.
Koma ofufuzawo anapeza kuti mbandezo zimapindula chifukwa chokulira pamthunzi wa khololo, chifukwa zimapeza nthaka yopatsa thanzi.
"Izi ndi zomwe zidandisangalatsa ine ndi anzanga kwambiri za Lodoicea," akutero Kaiser-Bunbury. “Sitikudziwa za mtundu wina [womera] umene umachita zimenezi.”
Abale a Pesky
Izi sizikufotokozabe chifukwa chake mbewuzo ndi zazikulu chonchi. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso china, tiyenera kubwereranso ku masiku akufa a madinosaur kuti tifotokoze. Pafupifupi zaka 66 miliyoni zapitazo, mawonekedwe a mgwalangwa mwina adadalira nyama kuti zimwaza mbewu zake zazikulu - koma mwina zidatayika izi pomwe kutumphuka kwa kontinenti komwe kumaphatikizapo Seychelles kudachoka ku India komwe tsopano kuli India, ndikupatula kanjedza. .
Izi zinatanthauza kuti mbandezo zinayenera kuzolowera kukula mumthunzi wamdima wa makolo awo. Chifukwa chakuti njere zazikuluzo zinali ndi chakudya chochuluka, mbandezo zinali zokonzeka kale kuchita zimenezo, ndipo pomalizira pake zinapambana mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya m’chilengedwe: kufikira lerolino, mitengo ya kanjedza ya coco de mer ndiyo mitundu ikuluikulu ya m’nkhalango zawo.
Pansi pa mikhalidwe yachilendo ya nkhalango zolamulidwa ndi mtundu umodzi, mpikisano wa abale - m'malo mopikisana pakati pa zamoyo - unayendetsa chisinthiko, akutero Kaiser-Bunbury. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kanjedzayo idakula pang'onopang'ono mbewu zazikulu kuti zipatse mbande zokhala ndi michere yambiri kuti ikhale ndi mwayi wopulumuka motsutsana ndi azisuwani ake.
Kevin Burns wa pa yunivesite ya Victoria ku Wellington, New Zealand, amaphunzira mmene zomera zimasinthira pazilumba zakutali, monga ku Seychelles, ndipo ananena kuti coco de mer ikuwoneka kuti ikutsatira njira yachisinthiko. Iye anati: “Zomera zimakonda kusanduka njere zazikulu zitakhala m'zilumba zakutali, ndipo zomera za m'zilumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njere zazikulu kuposa za kumtunda. "Mbeu zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mbande zopikisana."
Mtengo wa kanjedza wa coco de mer sunapereke zinsinsi zake zonse, komabe. Ndendende momwe maluwa aakazi - aakulu kwambiri pa kanjedza iliyonse - amatsitsimutsidwa ndi mungu ndi chinsinsi. A Blackmore akuganiza kuti njuchi zimakhudzidwa, koma ofufuza ena akuganiza kuti abuluzi amatha kusamutsa mungu kuchokera kumagulu aamuna aamuna aamuna aamuna aamuna aamuna aamuna aamuna omwe amaoneka ngati phallic. Nthano ya kumaloko imasonyeza kuti mitengo yaimuna imang'ambika pansi madzulo a mphepo yamkuntho ndi kukumbatirana mwathupi ndi akazi. Ndi mtundu wankhani womwe umawonjezera kukopa kwa kanjedza.
Source: - New Scientist - Buku la Journal: New Phytologist,
