Ulendowu wakhala wosiyana ndi maulendo anga ambiri. Nthawi zambiri ndimapita kumalo ena kukagwira ntchito pazachitetezo cha zokopa alendo, koma izi ulendo wopita ku Portugal ndi wapadera. Ndili pano chifukwa cha ntchito yanga ndi Center of Latino - Jewish Relations (CLJR). Kawirikawiri CLJR imatenga atsogoleri a Latino kupita ku Israel. Ulendo uno, komabe, ndi wobwerera - kutenga onse awiri Latinos ndi Ayuda pachipata cha dziko la chikhalidwe cha Sephardic ndi malo odumphadumpha kwa ambiri omwe adabwera kumayiko aku America.
Ubale wa Portugal ndi anthu achiyuda ndi umodzi mwamakhalidwe apamwamba komanso otsika. Kumbali yoipa, Bwalo la Inquisition la Apwitikizi linali loipa kwambiri kotero kuti anthu anathaŵadi ku Portugal kupita ku Spain akusankha kutenga mwaŵi wawo ndi Bwalo la Inquisition la ku Spain. Kumbali ina yabwino, dziko la Portugal linali malo othaŵirako Ayuda a ku Spain amene anathaŵa ku Spain mu 1492. Choncho Ayuda ambiri a ku Spain anadutsa ku Portugal kupita ku Latin America kuti athawe malawi oyaka moto moti m’madera ambiri a Latin America, mawu akuti “portugués” ndi ofanana. ndi “Ayuda.” M’mbiri yaposachedwa, dziko la Portugal linali chigawo chachikulu chololeza Ayuda othawa zoopsa za ku Ulaya komwe kunkalamulidwa ndi Germany kuti akapeze ufulu ku America ndi kuthawa zoopsa za kuphedwa kwa Nazi.
Ayuda anathandizira kwambiri anthu a Chipwitikizi. Inali sayansi ya Abraham Zacuto yomwe inalola kuyenda bwino panyanja zaka mazana ambiri aliyense asanaganizepo za GPS. Anali Dona Grácia Mendes amene anasonyeza dziko kuti mkazi akhoza kukhala wokhoza monga mwamuna mu malonda aakulu ndi mabanki. Hodgepodge iyi yandale idalumikizidwa mu chikhalidwe cha moyo wa Portugal.
Pokhala ku Ulaya, Portugal, mofanana ndi mbali yaikulu ya ku Ulaya, ndi malo a “dziko lakale” lokongola, lokongola, latsankho, ndi udani. Dziko la Portugal silimangoyang'ana kumadzulo kokha, koma ndi dziko lakumadzulo kwambiri ku Ulaya, malo akutali kwambiri kumadzulo ku Ulaya. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi dziko lomwe thupi lake lili ku Europe, koma mzimu wake uli mu Nyanja ya Atlantic, ndipo maso ake amayang'ana dziko latsopano la kukonzanso ndi chiyembekezo.
Pazifukwa zonsezi, CLJR yathu, pamodzi ndi Jewish Heritage Alliance, idaganiza kuti ulendo wathu woyamba wosakhala wa Israeli sudzakhala wopita kudziko lino lokha lomwe likuyimira mzimu wofufuza komanso ndi malo omwe Ayuda ambiri ndi Latinos kudutsa dzikoli. Mayiko aku America amasangalala.
Dzulo linali tsiku lathu loyamba pafupifupi lathunthu kuno ku Lisbon. Tinatuluka pabwalo la ndege pokwana 10:00 am nthawi yakumaloko ndipo tinali ndi mwayi wofika msanga. Kenako tinaphatikiza chithumwa cha Lisbon ndi ulendo wopita ku sunagoge woyamba wa Inquisition. Awo a m’gululo analawa “Pasteis de Belem” wotchuka wa mzindawo, anatenga vinyo wake, nayang’anizana ndi ziyembekezo ndi zovuta za chitaganya chake chachiyuda, ndiyeno presto anayamba “kulowa” m’dziko limene limagwirizanitsa zakale ndi zatsopano, kuthedwa nzeru ndi chiyembekezo. .
Lero, tinapita ku “midzi” yodziwika bwino ya ku Lisbon. Sinta ndi mzinda wokongola komanso wodziwika bwino masiku ano wokhala ndi misewu yamakono yomwe ikupangitsa kuti ukhale pafupifupi mphindi 45 kuchokera ku Lisbon. Mizinda ina iwiriyi ndi malo ochitira masewera otchuka a chic, olemera, komanso otchuka. Sinta inali nthawi yachilimwe kapena dziko la King Manuel.
Chitsulo cha Mfumu Manuel
Mbiri yakale imadzaza ndi zododometsa. Nkhani ya ubale wapakati pa Mfumu Manuel ndi Ayuda ndi imodzi mwa nthano zotere. Manuel anali mfumu yochirikiza Ayuda kotero kuti inavulaza kwambiri. Mbiri imatiphunzitsa kuti monga mbali ya mtengo waukwati, Manuel anayenera kulipira kwa mafumu oipa, Ferdinand ndi Isabel, kuti akwatire mwana wawo wamkazi. Mafumu a ku Spain awa adafuna kuti achotse nzika zake zachiyuda, ndipo panthawiyo, anthu opitilira 20% a ku Portugal anali achiyuda. Ambiri mwa anthuwa anali nzika zolemera kwambiri za Portugal.
Kufuna kumeneku kunasiya mfumuyo ndi vuto lalikulu - osati kuthamangitsa Ayuda kumatanthauza kuti ukwati wake sudzachitike ndipo mwina adzataya mwayi wolowa ufumu wa Spain, koma kuthamangitsa anthu ake achiyuda kunatanthauza kuti Portugal idzataya 20% ya anthu ake. ndi nzika zake zambiri zaluso. Yankho lake? Kutembenuka mokakamizidwa kwa Ayuda aku Portugal. Yankho lake linkawoneka ngati njira yoti mfumu isunge nzika zake zaluso kwambiri ndikukwatiwa, ndipo mwina tsiku lina kulanda dziko la Spain.
Manuel adakwatira mwana wamkazi wa mafumu aku Spain koma sanalandire ufumu wa Spain. Ponena za Ayuda Achipwitikizi, moyo unakhala woipa. Anayenera kulimbana ndi zipolowe, kupha anthu ambiri, ndi moto wa Inquisition. Zinthu zitatuzi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale kuti malire ndi madoko a Portugal adatsekedwa, ambiri adzapeza njira yothawira ku ufulu wa Holland ndi New World.
Atachoka, anatenga talente yawo. Mbadwa za othaŵa kwawo Achipwitikizi ameneŵa anamanga midzi yambiri ku Amsterdam, New York, ndi Mexico. Dziko la Portugal linamira pang’onopang’ono m’phompho lamdima, ndipo kunali chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1980 pamene nduna yaikulu ya dziko la Portugal inapepesa mwalamulo kwa Ayuda. Ndi kupepesa kwa Mario Soares kuti mutu watsopano unatsegulidwa mu ubale wa Chiyuda ndi Chipwitikizi.
Portugal yamakono imamvetsetsa kuti kuwonongeka kochitidwa ndi Lawi la Inquisition sikungatheke. Ambiri mwa mbadwa za "kugwiriridwa kwachipembedzo" kumeneku apereka zambiri - osati ku Portugal - koma ku mayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi.
Zodabwitsa m'mbiri, komabe, zilipobe. Lero anthu ozunzidwawa angadabwe kumva za midzi yakale yachiyuda yomwe idapezekanso m'mizinda yozungulira Portugal. Monga kubweza pang'ono pazomwe adachita m'mbuyomu, dziko la Portugal tsopano lakulitsa chilungamo chambiri, kukhala nzika kwa mbadwa zambiri za ozunzidwawo. Mwinamwake pambuyo pa zaka mazana asanu, potsirizira pake tikuwona kutsekedwa kwa bwalo limene linayamba mu 1496 ndipo linatha kwa zaka mazana asanu.
Chithunzi © Peter Tarlow
Chithunzi © Peter Tarlow
Chithunzi © Peter Tarlow