Umbuli, COVID-19 ndi Tourism

Ndikoyenera kunena kuti ntchito zokopa alendo zagwa chifukwa cha Covid 19; komabe, mlandu ungakhale wolakwa. Chithunzi chokulirapo kumaphatikizapo kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe, ndale, sayansi, ndi geography zogwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi utsogoleri wopanda nzeru zomwe zimachititsa kuti mamiliyoni a ntchito athetsedwe, mabiliyoni a ndalama zowonongeka, ndi tsogolo lomwe silikudziwika ndi losadziŵika.

Miliri si ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, imasonyeza dongosolo la anthu; momwe mphamvu zandale zimagwiritsidwira ntchito/molakwika m'dzina la umoyo wa anthu; momwe deta yochuluka imasonkhanitsira; momwe matenda amazindikiridwa ndikugawidwa ndi kutsatiridwa; pamodzi ndi njira yomwe mbiri imalembedwera, kugawidwa ndi kugawidwa.

COVID-19 itadziwika mu 2019, akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi asayansi adayang'ana m'mbuyo asanakumane ndi zomwe zikuchitika komanso kusinkhasinkha zamtsogolo. Gulu la asayansi/zaumoyo linayang'ana mbiri ya miliri, kufunafuna njira ndi maphunziro omwe aphunzira; mwatsoka, panalibe zipolopolo zamatsenga zomwe zingayimitse kachilomboka nthawi yomweyo. Panalibe akatswiri okhoza kuthana ndi matendawa ngakhale kuti matenda ofanana afalikira padziko lapansi kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Zomwe zinalipo kale, komabe, zinali njira zoyeserera/zowona za kuwongolera matenda kuphatikiza kuyang'anira, kuika kwaokha anthu, masks, ndi kusamba m'manja, kukumbutsa nzika iliyonse ya mbiri yakale (ie, AIDS; 1918-20, Fuluwenza; Zaka za zana la 14, Imfa Yakuda) ife tinali kumeneko ndipo tinachita izo. Kulephera konsekonse pakuwongolera kachilomboka kunali kusakhalapo kwa utsogoleri wachinsinsi komanso wapagulu kusiya kuthetsa mavuto pamadesiki a oyang'anira padziko lonse lapansi omwe amakonda kuyika phindu patsogolo pachitetezo, kubisala pamithunzi ndikukopa malingaliro amatsenga ndikulimbikitsa aliyense kuti akhulupirire kuti kachilomboka katha. paokha popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu.

Boma la China linali losasamala chifukwa chosamvera asayansi ake ndikukwirira ma alarm omwe kachilomboka kamafalikira, ndikusankha kupha amithenga a uthengawo. Oyang'anira pamaulendo akulu apanyanja amakonda kunyalanyaza machenjezo ochokera kumayiko aku China ndi Japan kuti kachilomboka kalowa m'malo awo ndipo okwera ndi ogwira nawo ntchito anali onyamula matenda komanso ofalitsa ma virus. Akuluakulu a bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) adakonda kuteteza zikopa zawo zandale m'malo mongodziyika okha pachiwopsezo chachipatala chomwe chikukula, kuchenjeza dziko lapansi kuti kachilomboka kakupha komanso kufalikira mwachangu.

Matenda Sayima Pawokha

Miliri imakhudza ndi kukhudza anthu ndi zikhalidwe, kudutsa malire a dziko ndi mayiko, zomwe zimachokera ku umbuli kupita ku vumbulutso, kuchokera kwa munthu aliyense kupita kumagulu onse, pofuna kuyesa kulamulira mwachisawawa kwa matendawa. Potsirizira pake matendawa amakhazikika m'mbiri ya mbiri yakale, ndipo maphunziro omwe aphunziridwa amasoweka m'manda osawoneka bwino omwe amasonkhanitsa fumbi pamashelefu a akatswiri azachipatala ndi atsogoleri a boma. Tsoka ilo, mapeto asanafike, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amadwala mwankhanza ndipo masauzande ambiri amafa mosafunikira.

Ndale kapena Bizinesi

Pomwe chiyambi chasayansi cha COVID-19 chili m'magulu azachipatala padziko lonse lapansi, kufalikira kwake kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi machitidwe a anthu, kupewa makampani komanso kukana boma. Mchitidwe wamba wa kugwirana chanza, kupsompsona pamasaya ndi milomo, kutsata anthu apaulendo omwe amayenda nthawi yayitali pa eyapoti yapadziko lonse lapansi, masiteshoni a masitima apamtunda ndi malo okwerera sitima zapamadzi, maboma okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ndale kuposa miyoyo ya anthu, zonse zidathandizira kufalikira kwa kachilombo.

Ngakhale miyezi 11 ya mliriwu dziko lapansi likuyembekezera mwachidwi nkhani za milandu yowonjezereka, ndipo limakhala ndi chiyembekezo cholosera za kufa kwatsopano monga kuyembekezera zonenedweratu za nyengo ndi msika wamasheya. Tsoka ilo, chidziwitsochi chakhala, chabwino, chosadalirika, chifukwa deta yakhala ikugwirizana ndi zofuna ndi nzeru za utsogoleri wolakwika, ndi chikhalidwe chosadziwika cha anthu. Ngakhale lero, ndi chilengezo cha kupezeka kwa katemera zikuwoneka kuti ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yolumikizirana ndi anthu m'malo mokhala njira yabwino yochepetsera chiwonongeko cha COVID-19 komanso kukhumudwa.

Ngozi

Miliri imatanthauzidwa ndi kusatsimikizika kwawo. M’zaka za m’ma 21, asayansi, andale, atsogoleri a boma ndi mabungwe azigawo zikuyembekezeka kudziwa mayankho onse; komabe, nkosatheka kuti aliyense adziŵe kotheratu ponena za matenda atsopano osagwirizana ndi malire a dziko kapena maphunziro asayansi akale. Mu The Lancet (1953), magazini ya zachipatala ya ku England, mkati mwa mliri wachitatu wa kolera m’dzikolo, asayansi anakhoza kunena kuti, “Sitikudziwa kalikonse, tili panyanja, mongoganizira chabe.

Zinali zotheka komanso zovomerezeka m'zaka za zana la 19 kuvomereza "osadziwa;" komabe, m’zaka za zana la 21, m’malo movomereza umbuli ndi kupanga zolakwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chidziwitso, chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso, atsogoleri amanjenjemera pamithunzi, amakana kuyankha mafunso a atolankhani, ndi kukana chidziwitso chilichonse kapena chidwi chofuna kupeza zomwe zimayambitsa ndi machiritso (ie, Barbados ndi kuyesa kofooka koyambiranso kuyenda panyanja). Ngakhale mu Disembala 2020, pafupifupi chaka chathunthu kuyambira pomwe COVID-19 idayamba kulamulira miyoyo yathu, chifukwa chake, zotsatira zake, machiritso ndi njira zopewera zimakhalabe m'malo a "zosadziwika" ndipo zambiri zomwe zachitika zimagwera m'gulu la zopusa kapena zomveka. opusa.

M'mbiri yakale, kuyang'anira miliri kunakhalabe m'manja mwa akuluakulu a ndale omwe adakambirana, kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwulula njira yopezera thanzi labwino. Atsogoleri a boma ndi a ndale anatsogolera kupyolera mu bungwe ndi kugawa mankhwala aulere, kusonkhanitsa ndi kufalitsa uthenga komanso kwa omwe amatsatira njira zachipembedzo, kulimbikitsa kupembedza koyenera. Njira yaku China yolimbana ndi mliri wa Wuhan idatengera chitsanzo chaulamuliro, chapamwamba-pansi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pokumana ndi nthomba, khate ndi mliri wa chibayo.

Chitsanzo china chilipo, njira yomwe imaganiziridwa kuti ndi "boma". Ufumu wa Nyimbo (960-1279 CE), unavomereza lingaliro la chifundo; zomwe boma losamala lingapereke kwa nzika zake, kupereka malingaliro olimbikitsa thanzi, kukhazikitsa mawodi odwalitsa odwala ndi ma dispensary aboma azamankhwala. Yoyamba inali njira yomwe a White House motsogozedwa ndi a Trump, akuluakulu osankhidwa aku Republican ndi akuluakulu aboma, pomwe gulu latsopano la Biden likuwoneka kuti likupeza njira ya Benevolent State.

Post Truth Era. Kupanga Umbuli

Vuto lomwe boma la Biden likukumana nalo pamene likuyesera kuthana ndi mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso vuto lazachuma, ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumayenera kukhala kovutirapo pakufufuza koyenera komanso kolondola - kutengera nthawi kuyambira kwa Purezidenti George W. Bush. Tsoka ilo, United States yakhala ikudutsa nthawi yomwe zofukufuku zasayansi zidaponderezedwa ngati zikusokoneza malingaliro andale omwe alipo. M’zaka za m’ma 1980, Purezidenti Ronald Reagan anakana kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti AIDS ndipo dziko likupitirizabe kuvutika ndi Drug Enforcement Agency ya Pulezidenti Richard Nixon, (1971) kumene mankhwala monga chamba, LSD ndi psilocybin ankadziwika kuti Schedule 1, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziletsa kafukufuku wachipatala. kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa ngati mankhwala.

Kusakhulupirira chowonadi ndi kufunikira kwa kafukufuku kukupitilirabe mpaka chaka cha 2021. Akatswiri pawailesi yakanema akupitiliza kutsutsana za kukhalapo kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, ngakhale kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana akale, ndipo madera onse akutha pakagwa mphepo yamkuntho ndi tsunami. Maola amathera kukambitsirana ngati ana ayenera kutsekeredwa m’ndende kwa miyezi ingapo, kupatulidwa ndi makolo awo, ndi kukayikira ngati njira yonseyo iyenera kulembedwa kuti Misasa Yozunzirako Anthu.

Kuponderezedwa Kwachidziwitso

Trump ndi atsogoleri amalonda akhala akugwira ntchito mwakhama polimbikitsa "agnotology" phunziro la kupanga mwadala kwa umbuli. Mabungwe andale ndi mabungwe akuluakulu (mwachitsanzo, fodya, mankhwala, mafuta, ulimi, mabanki, maulendo apanyanja, ndege, zokopa alendo) amapondereza chidziwitso kuti chigwirizane ndi zolinga zawo zachuma kapena malingaliro awo. Kutsutsana kwa sayansi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe aboma ndi abizinesi, osati monga chotulukapo chosapeŵeka cha umbuli koma monga chinthu chopangidwa ndi kusamaliridwa ndi zikhumbo zamphamvu kutulutsa chikaiko.

Ntchito za Utsogoleri wa Tourism

Mliri wa COVID-19 umagwirizana ndi ndale, zolumikizidwa ndi anthu akumaloko, mayiko ndi mayiko ena m'malingaliro, kupanga njira ya matendawa ndi mayankho. Amuna achizungu omwe amalamulira ndale ndi mabungwe abisa mwadongosolo, kunyalanyaza ndi kuchotsera amayi ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kubwera ndi kulera kwa mliriwu kwapangitsa kuti utsogoleriwo uchotse amayi ambiri pamsika, kuwakakamiza kubwerera kwawo kuti akakwaniritse zofuna za mabanja. Azimayi ndi anthu amitundu ina adagwira ntchito zambiri m'makampani okopa alendo, ndipo kutha kwake kwasiya anthuwa opanda ntchito, opanda phindu komanso chiyembekezo chochepa cha tsogolo labwino.

Takhala tikukhala mu nthawi yolimbikitsidwa ndi kukwera kwa populism komwe kumalimbikitsa kusakhulupirira mwachisawawa, kulimbikitsa anthu kudalira zomwe akumana nazo m'malo moyang'ana ndikudalira akatswiri ndi akatswiri pantchito zawo. Nthawi zina, kusakhulupirira kwa akatswiri kumakhala koyenera chifukwa makampani ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pakupanga, kupanga ndi kugawa zomwe zimatulutsidwa mu ether monga "chidziwitso cha sayansi," pomwe zilidi zonyenga monga zopangira. kutulutsa mankhwala owopsa m'chilengedwe, mndandanda wazakudya ndi machitidwe azaumoyo.

Woyang’anira makampani a fodya ananena kuti, “Kukayikira n’chinthu chathu.” Kwa zaka pafupifupi 70 chiyambire pamene kupha kwa fodya kwadziŵika kukhala chenicheni, makampani opanga ndudu apanga kampeni yosonyeza kuti pali mpata wa kusagwirizana pankhaniyi. Kuchokera pa zofalitsa, kufufuza ndalama zachinyengo, kukhazikitsa mabungwe a sayansi, kusintha ndondomeko zamalamulo, kuwonjezereka kwa "kafukufuku waubwenzi" kuti afalitsidwe m'ma TV otchuka, ndi kufalitsa kwa mauthenga olakwika kwa ogula, kubwerezaku kukupitiriza kuthandizira kugulitsa kwapachaka padziko lonse lapansi. za ndudu zoposa 5 thililiyoni, zosuta ndi anthu amene akhulupirira kuti “mwinamwake” kusuta sikuvulaza.

Kuchokera pakati pa ma 1950 - 1990, Bungwe Lofufuza za Fodya, lothandizidwa ndi opanga ndudu zazikulu, linawononga $450 miliyoni pa kafukufuku ndi cholinga chosokoneza anthu ndi kufufuza kovomerezeka pa zinthu zina zovulaza ndi zothandizira monga zoopsa za kuntchito. M'malo motsutsa mgwirizano wolimba komanso wokhazikika pakati pa kusuta ndi khansa, cholinga chamakampaniwo chinali kusokoneza zonenazo ponena kuti, "tikufunika kafukufuku wambiri." M’zochitika zambiri, zokhumba zazikulu za ndale, akatswiri azachuma, atolankhani, ndi oyang’anira zamalonda ndi kudzetsa chikaiko ndi umbuli pakati pa anthu; ndi njira yandale komanso kulumikizana pakati pa chidziwitso ndi mphamvu. 

Umbuli wogwirizana ndi mphamvu ndiye mdani wamkulu wa demokalase. Purezidenti Donald J. Trump amatsutsa utolankhani wamphamvu ngati "nkhani zabodza," ndipo obwerako pang'ono pamwambo wa Purezidenti amawonedwa ngati "zinthu zina." Makampani opanga ndege, kuyesera kutsimikizira anthu kuti kuwuluka ndi kotetezeka ku Harvard University kuti apange kafukufuku, kutsimikizira kuti kuwuluka kumapereka chiwopsezo chochepa chotenga SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) chifukwa cha makina osefa mpweya komanso zofunikira za mask. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti chiopsezocho chinali chochepa mosasamala kanthu za malo okhala (ie, pakati, kanjira kapena zenera).

Zomwe sizili gawo lazoyesayesa zazikulu zaubwenzi ndikuti kafukufukuyu adatengera zitsanzo ndiye chifukwa chake malingalirowo adakhazikitsidwa pazambiri zomwe zimayendetsedwa molamulidwa ndipo okwera ayenera kukhala opanda zizindikiro za COVID-19, kutsatira ndondomeko zonse zandege kuphatikizapo thupi. kutalikirana panthawi yokwera ndi kufotokozera (digiri ya chitetezo - iyenera kutsimikiziridwa). Kuphatikiza apo, zipata ndi oyendetsa ndege ayenera kulimbikitsa kutsatira. Ntchito zolumikizana ndi anthu zidalimbikitsa mitu yankhani yomwe inali yosatsimikizika, kuphatikiza: "Phunziro la Harvard: Kupatsirana Kwambiri kwa Covid-19 Pakati Pa Masked, Apaulendo Akutali" (businesstravelnews.com), ndi "Ndi Njira Zoyenera Kuwuluka Kungakhale Kotetezeka Kuposa Kudya M'malo Odyera Panthawi ya Mliri, Kafukufuku Akuti (washingtonpost.com).

Ngakhale ofufuzawo akugogomezera kusanthula kwawo kwa zotsatira zake ngati mopanda tsankho, ndikutsimikizira zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo (zovuta za kachilomboka zomwe zimathamangitsidwa ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo - 3 mu 1000) - NGATI, aliyense amavala chigoba, zomwe sizimawululidwa , ndiye kuti kafukufuku wa Harvard adathandizidwa ndi makampani opanga ndege.

Kuphatikiza apo, mfundo ina yomwe sinali gawo la kafukufukuyu kapena kampeni yolumikizana ndi anthu yomwe idatsagana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa lipotilo ndi lipoti la European infectious Disease Research Eurosurveillance Journal lomwe lidazindikira matenda a anthu 13 omwe adakwera ndege yamalonda ndi okwera 48 ndi ogwira ntchito 12. m'ndege yokhala ndi mipando 283 yokhala ndi okwera asanu ndi anayi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka atavala zophimba nkhope, ndi m'modzi (mwana wachaka chimodzi). Apaulendowo anali ochokera m'makontinenti atatu omwe akulumikizana kudzera pabwalo lalikulu la ndege lapadziko lonse lapansi kuti apite ku Ireland. Lipotilo lidalumikizanso kufalikira kwa COVID-19 mpaka anthu ena 46 ku Ireland (kuchokera kwa apaulendo 13 oyambilira).

Anthu ali ndi njala ya kafukufuku wozikidwa pa sayansi yosakondera; komabe, pali zenizeni zomwe makampani ndi maboma angagwirizane kuti apange chidziwitso chomwe sichili cholinga. Wogula amamvetsetsa kuti zokonda zamphamvu zimabweretsa "chidziwitso ndi matekinoloje" opangidwa kuti athandize kampaniyo osati zothandiza anthu.

Makampani Amathandizira Kufalikira

Apaulendo amatumiza matenda akamadutsa ku Europe, Asia, Africa ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Kusuntha kwa anthu m'malire komanso kuwonjezeka kwa malonda ndi ntchito zimatsutsa kulamulira kwa matenda opatsirana. Kuyenda kwachulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kudalirana kwapadziko lonse kwamakampani oyendetsa ndege ndi maulendo apaulendo. Ndi kukula kumeneku kumabwera chiopsezo cha matenda atsopano pamene anthu akukumana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timafalitsa kudzera m'mayendedwe apadziko lonse. Pomwe ena ayesa kupanga njira zatsopano zothetsera kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana (ie, SARS-2003; EVD outbreak-West Africa - 2014; COVID-19, 2019-2020) zikuwonekeratu kuti dongosolo ladziko lonse lapansi silikugwira ntchito. Miliri imawopseza thanzi la anthu komanso chuma cha padziko lonse lapansi, chothandizidwa ndi mafakitale omwe akukula hotelo, zoyendera ndi zokopa alendo komanso utsogoleri wamakampani akuwoneka kuti sangathe komanso / kapena osafuna kuthana ndi gawo lawo pakuwongolera vutoli ndikupeza yankho.

Wochedwa Kwambiri Kuyankha

Ngati asayansi, maboma, WHO ndi atsogoleri amabizinesi adayankha mwachangu ku COVID-19 (m'milungu iwiri), kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zoletsa kuyenda zikadakhala zothandiza 2% molumikizana ndi kutseka kwa malire, kuletsa kuyenda kwa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Kuletsa 99 peresenti pamaulendo apandege ataliatali kukanachedwetsa kufalikira kwa mliriwu. Kuopa mavuto azachuma sikuyenera kukhala chifukwa chotsekereza malire pamene miliri yawonedwa. Njira imodzi kapena imzake, padzakhala mavuto azachuma. Kuopa zilango zazachuma komanso kusalidwa kwa anthu kumatha kudziwika ndikupangitsa akuluakulu kuti asafotokozere zambiri za miliri, kuyika pachiwopsezo zotsatira zaumoyo wa anthu zomwe zimatifikitsa ku zovuta zomwe tikukumana nazo tsopano.

Kukonzekera - Osati Kupewa

Pamene dziko likupita ku 2021, lingaliro la kukonzekera kusiyana ndi kupewa liyenera kukhala cholinga chokonzekera mavuto otsatirawa azaumoyo. Chosiyana ndi mliri si kusowa kwa matenda koma matenda ofala - kugawanika kwa matenda kumaganiziridwa kuti ndizofanana ndi zapakhomo komanso zovomerezeka. Kuwonjezeka kwa maulendo apadziko lonse lapansi, zokopa alendo ndi malonda zidzabweretsa zovuta zachipatala ku mbali iliyonse ya dziko lophatikizidwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Ntchito za anthu ndizomwe zimafalitsa ndi kufalitsa matenda opatsirana. N'zotheka kukumana ndi matendawa ndikuchitapo kanthu pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka ndikufalikira mwa kusintha khalidwe laumunthu ndikukhazikitsa njira zabwino zochenjeza mwamsanga komanso kuteteza matenda ndi kupewa, kuphatikizapo kuyang'anitsitsa padziko lonse, zofuna zandale zapadziko lonse, mgwirizano wamagulu osiyanasiyana a anthu onse okhudzidwa - kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuzindikira, kuwongolera komanso kuthetsa ziwopsezo zamtsogolo.

Maiko omwe ali ndi zida zogwirira ntchito ndi zida zosakwanira komanso kusowa chidziwitso chokhudza chitetezo cham'ma laboratory ndi biosecurity omwe achititsa kuti matendawa afalikire padziko lonse lapansi, akuyenera kuyimbidwa mlandu. Anthu omwe akugwira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka ma virus, akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa kuti asawonetse ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo ku matenda omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi ogwira ntchito za labotale, kwa madokotala ndi anamwino ndi ogwira ntchito zothandizira, maphunziro ndi maphunziro ayenera kugawidwa ndipo osasiya kapena kuperekedwa kwa ochepa okha. Magawo angapo komanso magawo angapo amakampani ochereza alendo, oyendayenda komanso okopa alendo ayenera kukhala gawo lazokambirana momwe ali kutsogolo, kukumana ndikupereka moni kwa apaulendo akamafika pama eyapoti, madoko ndi malo okwerera masitima apamtunda, ndikumalumikizana nawo kwambiri panjira 24. / 7/365 maziko.

Pali tsogolo la zokopa alendo, koma - ngati liyenera kukula, liyenera kukhala gawo la yankho, chifukwa ndilo gawo lalikulu la vutoli.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.

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