UNESCO Imasankha Malo Olowa Padziko Latsopano ku Saxony

Saxony imakopa apaulendo ambiri pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ili m'chigawo chakum'mawa kwa Germany ndikugawana malire ndi Poland, Czech Republic, ndi Bavaria kumwera, ili ngati malo oyamba azikhalidwe m'dzikoli. Dzikoli lili ndi mizinda yamakono yamakono, matauni ochititsa chidwi a mbiri yakale, mapiri odekha, malo okongola amadzi, mapaki akuluakulu, ndi minda, zonse zothandizidwa ndi ochereza alendo komanso okonda ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, tsopano pali chilimbikitso chatsopano choyendera Saxony: mwayi wopeza malo ake aposachedwa a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Malo okhala ku Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine, okhazikitsidwa ndi Evangelical Moravian Church m'tawuni ya Saxon ku Herrnhut, adasankhidwa kukhala malo aposachedwa kwambiri a UNESCO World Heritage ku Saxony. Kutchulidwa uku kumabweretsa chiwerengero chonse cha UNESCO malo ku Saxony mpaka atatu, kujowina Muskau Park-yogawana ndi Poland ndikukondweretsedwa chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake achingerezi panthawi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa-ndi mapiri a Ore, otchuka chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo komanso zochitika zakale zamigodi zomwe zidathandizira kutukuka kwa Saxony.

Herrnhut, yomwe ili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Saxony, imadziwika kuti ndi malo obadwirako Tchalitchi cha Moravian, chomwe chimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chopanga nyenyezi za Moravia komanso ntchito zambiri zaumishonale. Pakadali pano, Mpingo wa Moraviani uli ndi kupezeka m'makontinenti anayi ndipo uli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu m'matchalitchi komanso m'mbiri yakale. M'mphepete mwa matauni oyandikana nawo, Herrnhut ndi chigawo chapakati cha Upper Lusatia, chomwe chili pakati pa Löbau ndi Zittau, m'mphepete mwa njira yodziwika bwino yotchedwa Via Sacra yaku Europe.

Chikoka cha Tchalitchi cha Moraviani ku Herrnhut ndi kuphatikizika kwa chiphunzitso chake chaumulungu chikuwonekera padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku United States, kumene a Moravia opitilira 60,000 amakhala. Chiyambukiro cha Tchalitchi cha Moravia chimazindikiridwa mowonekera bwino kupyolera mu Daily Texts, mwambo wanthaŵi yaitali umene umapereka “uthenga watsiku ndi tsiku wochokera kwa Mulungu umene umakonzedwanso m’maŵa uliwonse.” Daily Text yotsegulira idatulutsidwa ku Herrnhut mu 1731, ndipo pano, zolembazi zimafalitsidwa kwa anthu opitilira 1.5 miliyoni m'zilankhulo 50 zosiyanasiyana.

Gululo linali ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa ubale ndi umodzi. Motsogozedwa ndi Zinzendorf, gulu lachikristu linakulitsa malo a kulolerana kwa zipembedzo. Zinzendorf ndi otsatira ake anachirikiza “Chiphunzitso chaumulungu cha Mtima,” chimene chinagogomezera kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa Kristu ndi wokhulupirira, m’malo mongokhalira kulinganiza kusiyana kwa ziphunzitso pakati pa mipingo. Chikhristu chinkadziwika ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Khristu, kukondana, ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo. Kukhoza kukhalapo pakati pa anthu achikondi kunawonedwa ngati umboni weniweni wa chikhulupiriro. Herrnhut adatulukira ngati malo apadera omwe adakoka anthu ochokera ku Central Europe kufunafuna kudzipereka kozama komanso kudzipereka kwachikhristu.

Gulu laling'ono lachikhristu ili, lodzipereka kufalitsa zikhulupiriro zake ndikuchita nawo ulaliki wachipembedzo, lasintha kwambiri machitidwe achikhristu amasiku ano padziko lonse lapansi. Amishonale a ku Moravia anayenda m’madera osiyanasiyana kukalalikira uthenga wawo. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf, yemwe anali mmishonale ku America, anakhazikitsa mzinda wa Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, pa December 24, 1741.

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Völkerkunde, kapena Museum of Ethnology, yomwe ili ku Herrnhut, ili ndi zinthu zambiri zakale zomwe a Moraviani anasonkhanitsa paulendo wawo waumishonale padziko lonse lapansi. Bungweli ndi logwirizana ndi State Art Collection Dresden ndipo lili ndi zinthu zochokera kumadera monga India, Asia, North ndi South America, ndi Greenland, pakati pa ena.

Nyenyezi ya Moravia imakonda kuzindikirika padziko lonse lapansi. Chiyambi chake chimachokera ku Saxony m'zaka za m'ma 1830, komwe adayamba ngati ntchito yophunzitsa anyamata a Moravia mfundo za geometry. Mu 1880, Pieter Verbeek adakhazikitsa malo ogulitsira mabuku omwe adakhala malo oyamba kugulitsa nyenyezizi. Mwana wake wamwamuna, Harry, pambuyo pake adakulitsa bizinesi yabanja poyambitsa malo opangira nyenyezi ku Herrnhut, Germany. Fakitale imeneyi inathandiza kupanga nyenyezi zambirimbiri, zomwe zinafalitsidwa padziko lonse, kuphatikizapo ku United States. Ngakhale fakitale yoyambirira idawonongedwa pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, idamangidwanso m'ma 1950s ndipo tsopano ndi yotseguka kuti anthu aziyendera. Nyenyezi zimatha kukhala paliponse kuyambira zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka 100, ndi nyenyezi yachikhalidwe ya Moravia yokhala ndi mfundo 26, zomwe zikuyimira nyengo ya zikondwerero.

Herrnhut ndi malo opitako kwa anthu ambiri omwe akufunafuna komwe kuli tchalitchi cha Moravian chotsegulira, chomwe chabwezeretsedwa bwino kuti chiwonetsere momwe adapangidwira. Alendo ali ndi mwayi wofufuza tchalitchi cha Berthelsdorf, malo omwe amachitira mgonero woyamba, Count Zinzendorf's manor house ndi malo oikidwa m'manda, kuwonjezera pa manda ochepetsetsa koma osuntha, odziwika chifukwa cha kukongola kwake.

Akatswiri omwe ali ndi chidwi chofufuza mbiri ya Tchalitchi cha Moravia akhoza kupeza zolemba zakale za Moravia, zomwe zikuyimira malo akale kwambiri ku Saxony. Zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa mu 1764, zosungira zakalezi zimakhala ndi laibulale yomwe ili ndi zofalitsa zonse zokhudzana ndi Tchalitchi cha Moravia, komanso ntchito za olemba a Moravia, kuphatikizapo makalata, malipoti a mission, zikumbutso, ndi zolemba za mipingo. Ngakhale kuti Tchalitchi choyambirira cha Moravian, chomwe chinamangidwa mu 1756, chinawonongedwa ndi Asilikali aku Russia mu 1945, anthu ammudzi adamanganso tchalitchicho ndi nyumba zina zomwe zidakhudzidwa m'ma 1950.

Herrnhut ili pamtunda wamakilomita 55 kuchokera ku Dresden ndipo imapezeka mosavuta ndi galimoto. Nyumba ya alendo ya Tchalitchi cha Moravian ili ndi malo ogona ambiri, okhala m'malo abata m'mphepete mwa likulu la mbiri ya tauniyo, yodzaza ndi dimba lokhala ngati paki. Pakatikati pa tawuniyi ndi mtunda woyenda pang'ono, kumatenga mphindi zochepa kuti mufike. Herrnhut yazunguliridwa ndi malo akumidzi okongola, omwe amapereka mipata yambiri yowonera kudzera panjinga kapena kukwera mapiri. Anthu ammudzi nthawi zonse amakhala ofunitsitsa kulandira alendo ku mapemphero awo a Tchalitchi cha Moravian Lamlungu, komanso ku mwambo wawo wa Pasaka womwe umachitika m'bandakucha.