Chisinthiko cha Vinyo ku Uruguay: Kuchokera kwa Amishoni a Jesuit kupita ku Sommeliers

Komabe, kunalibe mpaka chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 18 pamene mbewu zimenezi zinamera kukhala bwino. makampani vinyo. Kuyenda m'madzi achipwirikiti chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 mpaka m'ma 1930, UruguayMalo a vinyo adalimbana ndi mvula yamkuntho ya phylloxera, Great Depression, ndi zochitika zosokoneza za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Phylloxera, mdani wosagonja, anaukira mizu ya mphesa, kuwononga kwambiri ndi kutayika kwa mitundu yamtengo wapatali ya mphesa. Kuchira kwa mafakitale kunali kolimba, kumafuna zaka zambiri kuti abzalenso ndi mizu yosamva komanso mitundu yabwino ya mphesa.

Mphepo yamkuntho yachuma cha Great Depression (1929-1939) idayesanso luso lamakampani opanga vinyo ku Uruguay. Pomwe kutsika kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi kudapangitsa kuti ogula azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama, msika wa vinyo udakhudzanso zomwe zikuchitika mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945) inasokoneza malonda, kutembenuzira chuma kunkhondo ndikusiya chizindikiro chosaiwalika pakupanga vinyo ku Uruguay.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, makampani opanga vinyo omwe anali kukulirakulira adapeza othandizira osamukira kumadera a Basque ndi Italy. Don Pascual Harriague, m'masomphenya obwera ku Basque, adasiya chidwi pobweretsa mphesa ya French Tannat ku Uruguay mu 1870. Chisankhochi chidayala maziko kuti Tannat awoneke ngati mphesa za Uruguay.

Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 20 panali nthawi ina yofunika kwambiri pamene anthu ochokera kudera la Galician ku Spain anayambitsa mitundu ya mphesa ya Albanno mu 1954. Kulowetsedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa kumeneku kunawonjezera kuchulukira ndi kusiyanasiyana pakupanga mphesa ku Uruguay.

Kuthira kwa Diplomatic: Pangano la Mercosur Free Trade Agreement (1991)

Kuwululidwa kwa mutu watsopano m’mbiri ya vinyo wa ku Uruguay kunagwirizana ndi Pangano la Mercosur Free Trade Agreement mu 1991. Pogwirizanitsa Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, ndi Uruguay, mgwirizanowu unalimbikitsa “kuyenda kwaulere kwa katundu, mautumiki, ndi zinthu zopangira zinthu pakati pa mayiko.” Komabe, chidwi chofuna kulamuliridwa ndi Brazil ndi Argentina chidawoneka chokulirapo chifukwa cha kutsika mtengo kwawo. Poyankha, Uruguay idakonzanso njira, kukweza vinyo wake komanso kulimbikitsa malonda kuti awone mitundu yake yapadera ya terroir ndi mphesa. Kusunthaku molimba mtima kumeneku kudapangitsa kuti vinyo wa ku Uruguayan akhale wodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.

Mphesa Zosiyana: Vinous Symphony ya Uruguay

Nyengo ya ku Uruguay, nyengo yokulirapo, ndi dothi lodziwika bwino zimapatsa mphesa za Tannat kuti mphesa za Tannat zikhwime mosayerekezeka—chinthu chovuta ngakhale kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa France. Alangizi apadziko lonse lapansi, akatswiri a munda wa mpesa alchemy, afewetsa matannins owopsa a Tannat kudzera munjira ngati micro-oxygenation ndi kukalamba kwa migolo. Zotsatira zake ndi vinyo wa Tannat yemwe siwovuta komanso wofikirika kale poyerekeza ndi mnzake waku France.

Vinyo wa Tannat wochokera ku Uruguay amavina mkamwa, akuwulula kukoma kwa zipatso zakuda, kuchokera ku mabulosi akuda mpaka black currant. Chifukwa cha chithandizo cha oak, mavinyowa amatha kukhala ndi zolemba za chokoleti kapena espresso. Tannat, yemwe amalamulira pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a minda ya mpesa ku Uruguay, amawonekera kwambiri ndi mitundu yoyera monga Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Albariño, ndi Viognier.

Strategic Symphony: Gulu ndi Malamulo

Mu 1988, boma la Uruguay lidapatsa Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INAVI) kuyang'anira ntchito ya vinyo. Cholinga cha INAVI chinali chodziwikiratu: kukweza vinyo wabwino ndikukulitsa misika yogulitsa kunja. Kukhazikikako kudapitilira mu 1989 ndi njira zolimbikitsira vinyo waku Uruguay padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yovuta idafika mu 1993 pomwe dziko la Uruguay lidakhala dziko loyamba ku South America kukhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mayina odziwika bwino a madera a vinyo pa zilembo zapanyumba, kulimbikitsa kudzipereka kwake kuti akhale oona.

Dongosolo la vinyo la Vinos de Calidad Preferent (VCP), lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1993, likuwonetseranso kudzipereka kwa Uruguay ku khalidwe. Wopangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa za Vitis vinifera, vinyo wa VCP amadzitamandira kuti ali ndi mowa ndi voliyumu (ABV) kuyambira 8.6% mpaka 15%. Mavinyowa, omwe amapakidwa m'mabotolo agalasi a 750 ml kapena ang'onoang'ono, amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: Vino Común (VC) woyimira mavinyo a patebulo ndi mitundu ya rosé yomwe imakhala yayikulu.

Vinous Tapestry ya Uruguay: Makhalidwe Osiyana

Ili pamalo olingana ndi dera la Wisconsin, Uruguay, komwe kuli anthu ofanana ndi a Connecticut, ili ndi cholowa chapadera cha ku Europe mothandizidwa ndi apainiya ochokera ku Italy ndi Spain. Dzikoli lili ndi ubwino wa malo, nyengo yabwino, ndi malo osiyanasiyana, komanso mphamvu zopangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Ma network a hydrographic amathandizira paulimi, mothandizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ophunzira bwino, malo apadera a nthaka, ndi mphesa za Tannat, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa Uruguay kukhala osewera wamkulu pabwalo la vinyo padziko lonse lapansi.

Kupambana Panopa ndi Tsogolo la Oenophilic Horizons

Uruguay pakadali pano ili ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 5,000 a minda yamphesa, kwawo kwa 180 mpaka 250 omwe makamaka amakhala ndi mabanja. Dera la Metropolitan ndilomwe limakhala ndi anthu ambiri, okhala ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe limayika mavinyo apamwamba kwambiri komanso omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotumiza kunja. Poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa Bordeaux's Saint Emilion komanso yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa Alexander Valley waku California, madera a vinyo ku Uruguay amawonetsa nyengo yam'madzi komanso terroir yomwe ili ndi dothi la granite. Malowa akuwonekera ndi mapiri, minda yamphesa yokwera pamwamba ndi minda yamphesa ya m'chipululu, kupindula ndi mvula yambiri yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi nyanja ya Atlantic.

Anthu a ku Uruguay, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi atsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi omwe amamwa vinyo, amamwa pafupifupi malita 24 pachaka. Ngakhale kuti zofuna zapakhomo zimakhalabe zofunika kwambiri, kupanga vinyo ku Uruguay kukukulirakulira kufikira misika yapadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe Brazil ikutsogola potumiza kunja. Misika yomwe ikubwera ikuphatikizapo United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, Belgium, ndi United States.

Akatswiri a vinyo wapadziko lonse lapansi alengeza za kukwera kwa Uruguay pamakampani opanga vinyo padziko lonse lapansi, molimbikitsidwa ndi opanga vinyo omwe alowa nawo pulogalamu ya Uruguay Sustainable Viticulture Program. Pulogalamuyi imathandizira machitidwe otsatiridwa, okonda zachilengedwe, zomwe zikuwonetsa njira yomwe mavinyo aku Uruguay ali okonzeka kukwera mopitilira muyeso komanso kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Chipambano cha symphony chikuyembekezera pamene Uruguay, yokhala ndi masomphenya osakanikirana azikhalidwe ndi luso, imapanga cholowa padziko lapansi la vinyo.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.