Archbishop Desmond Tutu anali ndani? "Arch" ikhale mumtendere

Wopambana mphoto ya Nobel Peace Prize komanso Archbishop Desmond Tutu Wodziwika bwino kuti “Arch” anamwalira ali ndi zaka 90 ku CapeTown, South Africa lero.

Desmond Tutu wakhazikitsa cholinga chake monga "gulu la demokalase ndi chilungamo popanda magawano amitundu", ndipo wapereka mfundo zotsatirazi ngati zofunikira zochepa:

Ndemanga ya Bungwe la African Tourism Board:

Dr. Walter Mzembi, Executive Board of the Bungwe la African Tourism Board ananena m’mawu ake kuti: “Anali mtsogoleri wachipembedzo wodziwika bwino wa Freedom Fighter against Apartheid. Mpando wa Commission ya Choonadi ndi Kuyanjanitsa komanso mawu a chikumbumtima m'moyo wake.

1. Ufulu wofanana wa anthu onse
2. kuthetsedwa kwa malamulo a pasipoti ku South Africa
3. dongosolo wamba maphunziro
4. kutha kwa kuthamangitsidwa kuchoka ku South Africa kupita ku zomwe zimatchedwa "homelands"

Tutu anabadwira ku Klerksdorp pa 7 October 1931. Bambo ake, Zachariah, yemwe anaphunzira ku sukulu ya Mission, anali mphunzitsi wamkulu wa sukulu ya sekondale ku Klerksdorp, tauni yaing'ono ku Western Transvaal (tsopano North West Province). Amayi ake, Aletha Matlhare, anali wogwira ntchito zapakhomo. Anali ndi ana anayi, atsikana atatu ndi mnyamata mmodzi. Iyi inali nthawi m'mbiri ya South Africa yomwe isanayambe tsankho koma idafotokozedwabe ndi tsankho.

Tutu anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pamene abambo ake anasamutsidwa ku sukulu yomwe inkathandiza ana a ku Africa, Indian ndi Coloured ku Ventersdorp. Analinso wophunzira pasukulu imeneyi, ndipo anakulira m’dera limene munali ana ochokera m’madera ena. Anabatizidwa ngati Methodist koma ku Ventersdorp komwe banja linatsatira mlongo wake, kutsogolera kwa Sylvia kulowa mu African Methodical Episcopal Church ndipo potsiriza mu 1943 banja lonse linakhala Anglican.

Zachariah Tutu ndiye adasamutsidwa ku Roodepoort, komwe kale kunali Western Transvaal. Pano banjalo linakakamizika kukhala m’kasakasa pamene mayi ake ankagwira ntchito pasukulu ya akhungu ya Ezenzeleni. Mu 1943, banjalo linakakamizika kusamukanso, ulendo uno kupita ku Munsieville, m’dera la anthu akuda ku Krugersdorp. Tutu wachichepere ankakonda kupita ku nyumba za Azungu kukapereka ntchito yochapira kumene anali kusonkhanitsa ndi kupereka zovalazo ndipo amayi ake ankazichapa. Kuti apeze ndalama za m’thumba, pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake, ankayenda makilomita atatu kupita kumsika kukagula malalanje, ndipo kenako n’kukagulitsa kuti apeze phindu lochepa. Pambuyo pake adagulitsanso mtedza m'masiteshoni a njanji ndipo adachita masewera a gofu ku Killarney. Pazaka izi, Tutu adalowanso ndi gulu la Scouting ndipo adapeza Tenderfoot, Second Class ndi Proficiency Badge pophika.

Mu 1945, adayamba maphunziro ake a sekondale ku Western High, sukulu ya sekondale ya Boma ku tauni yakale ya Western Native, pafupi. Sophiatown. Pa nthawi imeneyi anagonekedwa m’chipatala kwa chaka choposa, ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Apa ndi pamene anali bwenzi Bambo Trevor Huddleston. Bambo Huddleston anamubweretsera mabuku oti awerenge ndipo ubwenzi waukulu unakula pakati pa awiriwa. Pambuyo pake, Tutu adakhala seva ku tchalitchi cha Bambo Huddleston ku Munsieville, ngakhale kuphunzitsa anyamata ena kukhala ma seva. Kupatula Bambo Huddleston, Tutu anakopeka ndi monga M'busa Makhene ndi Bambo Sekgaphane (omwe adamulowetsa mu Tchalitchi cha Anglican), ndi Reverend Arthur Blaxall ndi mkazi wake ku Ventersdorp.

Ngakhale kuti anali atabwerera kusukulu chifukwa cha matenda ake, mphunzitsi wamkulu anamumvera chisoni ndipo anamulola kuti alowe m'kalasi ya Matriculation. Kumapeto kwa 1950, adapambana mayeso a Joint Matriculation Board, kuphunzira mpaka usiku ndi kuwala kwa kandulo. Tutu adalandiridwa kusukulu ya zachipatala ya Witwatersrand koma sanathe kupeza bursary. Motero anasankha kutsatira chitsanzo cha atate wake ndi kukhala mphunzitsi. Mu 1951, adalembetsa ku Bantu Normal College, kunja kwa Pretoria, kuti akaphunzire diploma ya mphunzitsi.

Mu 1954, Tutu adamaliza diploma yophunzitsa kuchokera ku Bantu Normal College ndipo adaphunzitsa pasukulu yake yakale, Madipane High ku Krugersdorp. Mu 1955, adalandiranso digiri ya Bachelor of Arts ku yunivesite ya South Africa (UNISA). Mmodzi mwa anthu omwe adamuthandiza pamaphunziro ake a University anali Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, pulezidenti woyamba wa Pan Africanist Congress (PAC).

Pa 2 July 1955, Tutu anakwatira Nomalizo Leah Shenxane, mmodzi wa ophunzira a abambo ake owala kwambiri. Pambuyo pa ukwati wawo, Tutu anayamba kuphunzitsa ku Munsieville High School, kumene abambo ake adakali mphunzitsi wamkulu, ndipo amakumbukiridwa ngati mphunzitsi wolimbikitsa. Pa 31 Marichi 1953 aphunzitsi akuda ndi ana asukulu adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu pomwe boma lidakhazikitsa Bantu Education Act Maphunziro a anthu akuda, omwe amalepheretsa maphunziro a anthu akuda kukhala ocheperako. Tutu anapitiriza ntchito ya uphunzitsi kwa zaka zina zitatu kutsatira izi, akuwona kupyolera mu maphunziro a ana awo kuti anayamba kuphunzitsa pa msinkhu waunyamata. Pambuyo pake adasiya kutsutsana ndi kufooketsa maphunziro a Black ndale.

Pa nthawi yake ku Munsieville High, Tutu anaganiza mozama za kulowa unsembe, ndipo pamapeto pake adadzipereka yekha kwa Bishopu waku Johannesburg kuti akhale wansembe. Pofika 1955, pamodzi ndi scoutmaster wake wakale, Zakes Mohutsiou, adavomerezedwa ngati Dikoni wocheperako ku Krugersdorp, ndipo mu 1958, adalembetsa ku St Peter's Theological College ku Rosettenville, yomwe idayendetsedwa ndi Abambo a Community of the Resurrection. Pano Tutu wamwekesha’mba ke mwana wasukulu wa ntanda, kabiji wafwainwa kupwisha mafunde anji. Anapatsidwa chilolezo cha Theology ndi masiyanidwe awiri. Tutu amaonabe kuti Gulu la Chiukiriro ndi ulemu ndipo amaona kuti ngongole yake kwa iwo ndi yosawerengeka.

Anadzozedwa kukhala dikoni mu Disembala 1960 ku St Mary's Cathedral, Johannesburg ndipo adatenga utsogoleri wake woyamba ku St Albans Church ku Benoni. Pakali pano, Tutu ndi Leah anali ndi ana awiri, Trevor Thamsanqa ndi Thandeka Theresa. Wachitatu, Nontombi Naomi, anabadwa mu 1960. Kumapeto kwa 1961, Tutu anaikidwa kukhala wansembe, kenako anatumizidwa ku mpingo watsopano ku Thokoza. Mwana wawo wachinayi, Mpho, adabadwira ku London mu 1963.

Desmond Tutu ndi mkazi wake, Leah, ndi ana awo, kuchokera kumanzere: Trevor Thamsanqa, Thandeka Theresa, Nontombi Naomi ndi Mpho Andrea, England, c1964. (c) Mpilo Foundation Archives, mwachilolezo cha banja la Tutu Gwero lazithunzi

Pa 14 September 1962, Tutu anafika ku London kudzapititsa patsogolo maphunziro ake aumulungu. Ndalama zinapezedwa kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana ndipo adapatsidwa ma bursary ndi Kings College ku London ndipo adapatsidwa mwayi wophunzira ndi World Council of Churches (WCC). Ku London, adakumana pabwalo la ndege ndi wolemba Nicholas Mosley, dongosolo lomwe linayendetsedwa ndi Bambo Alfred Stubbs, mphunzitsi wake wakale ku Johannesburg. Kupyolera mwa Mosley, a Tutus anakumana ndi Martin Kenyon yemwe amayenera kukhala bwenzi la banja lonse.

London inali chochitika chosangalatsa kwa banja la Tutu pambuyo pa kupsinjika kwa moyo pansi pa tsankho. Tutu apwile nakushinganyeka havyuma alingilengako. Tutu analembetsa ku Kings College, ku yunivesite ya London, kumene adachitanso bwino. Anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Royal Albert hall komwe a Queen Mayi, omwe anali Chancellor wa University, adamupatsa digiri yake.

Chokumana nacho chake choyamba cha kutumikira ku mpingo wa Azungu chinali ku Golders Green, London, kumene anakhala zaka zitatu. Kenako anasamutsidwa ku Surrey kukalalikira. Bambo Stubbs analimbikitsa Tutu kuti alembetse maphunziro apamwamba. Adalemba nkhani ya Chisilamu kuti alandire Mphotho ya Archbishop's Essay ndipo adapambana. Kenako adaganiza kuti izi zizikhala phunziro la digiri yake ya Masters. Tutu anali ndi chikoka chachikulu kwa akhristu ake kotero kuti atamaliza digiri yake ya Masters mu Arts mu 1966, mudzi wonse kumene iye anali wansembe adatuluka kuti amutsanzike.

Tutu kepo abwelele ku South Africa ne kufundija ku Federal Theological Seminary ku Alice mu Eastern Cape, komwe anali m'modzi mwa aphunzitsi asanu ndi mmodzi. Kupatula kukhala mphunzitsi ku Seminale, adasankhidwanso kukhala Mtsogoleri wa Anglican ku University of Fort Hare. Panthaŵiyo, iye anali m’busa wa Anglican woyeneretsedwa kwambiri m’dzikolo. Mu 1968, pamene anali kuphunzitsa pa Seminale, analemba nkhani yonena za maphunziro a zaumulungu a ntchito yosamukira m’mayiko ena m’magazini ina yotchedwa South African Outlook.

Ku Alice adayamba kugwira ntchito yake ya Udokotala, kuphatikiza chidwi chake mu Chisilamu ndi Chipangano Chakale, ngakhale sanamalize. Pa nthawi yomweyi, Tutu anayamba kufotokoza maganizo ake otsutsana ndi tsankho. Pamene ophunzira ku Seminale adachita zionetsero zotsutsana ndi maphunziro a tsankho, Tutu adazindikira chifukwa chake.

Adasankhidwa kukhala Principal wamtsogolo wa Seminale ndipo, mu 1970, adakhala Wachiwiri kwa Principal. Komabe, ndi maganizo osiyanasiyana anavomera kuitanidwa kuti akakhale mphunzitsi pa yunivesite ya Botswana, Lesotho ndi Swaziland, yomwe ili ku Roma ku Lesotho. Panthawi imeneyi, "Black Theology" inafika ku South Africa ndipo Tutu adalimbikitsa izi ndi chidwi chachikulu.

Mu Ogasiti 1971, Dr Walter Carson, wogwirizira Director wa Theological Education Fund (TEF), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1960 kuti ipititse patsogolo maphunziro aumulungu m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.

adapempha Tutu kuti asankhidwe paudindo wa Associate Director ku Africa. Choncho banja la a Tutu linafika ku England mu January 1972, kumene anamanga kwawo kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa London. Ntchito yake inaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la otsogolera mayiko ndi gulu la TEF. Tutu anakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi akuyenda ku mayiko a Third World ndipo anali wokondwa kwambiri kuti azitha kuyenda ku Africa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, adapatsidwa chilolezo chokhala Mtsogoleri Wolemekezeka pa Tchalitchi cha St Augustine ku Bromley kumene, kachiwiri, adakhudza kwambiri akhristu ake.

Mu 1974 Leslie Stradling, Bishopu wa Johannesburg, adapuma pantchito ndipo ntchito yofunafuna wolowa m'malo mwake idayamba. Komabe, Timothy Bavin, yemwe adavotera Tutu nthawi zonse panthawi yosankha, adasankhidwa kukhala Bishopu. Kenako anaitana Tutu kuti akhale Dean wake. Choncho Tutu anabwerera ku South Africa mu 1975 kuti atenge udindo ngati Dean woyamba wa Anglican wa Johannesburg ndi Rector wa St Mary's Cathedral Parish ku Johannesburg. Kumeneko anabweretsa masinthidwe aakulu, nthaŵi zambiri zokhumudwitsa ena a m’tchalitchi chake Achizungu.

Pa 6 May 1976, adatumiza kalata yotseguka kwa Prime Minister panthawiyo, John Vorster kumukumbutsa za momwe Aafrikana adapezera ufulu wawo ndipo, mwa zina, adamuwonetsa kuti Akuda sakanatha kupeza ufulu m'mayiko awo; zoopsa za malamulo a chiphaso; ndi kusankhana chifukwa cha mtundu. Iye anapempha kuti aitanitse msonkhano wachigawo wa atsogoleri odziwika ndipo anapereka njira zomwe boma lingasonyezere kuona mtima kwake pokana kufuna kusintha kwamtendere komwe kumatchulidwa kawirikawiri. Patatha milungu itatu, Boma linayankha kuti cholinga chake polemba kalatayi chinali kufalitsa nkhani zabodza za ndale.

On 16 June 1976, ophunzira a ku Soweto anayamba kuukira kwakukulu kokana kukakamizidwa kuvomereza Chiafrikaans monga chinenero chophunzitsira limodzinso ndi maphunziro otsika amene anakakamizika kupirira. Tutu anali Vicar General pamene analandira nkhani za kuphedwa kwa apolisi ndi kupha ophunzira. Anakhala tsiku limodzi ndi ophunzira ndi makolo, ndipo pambuyo pake adagwira ntchito yaikulu mu Soweto Parents Crisis Committee yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa kupha.

Kutsatira izi, Tutu adakopeka kuti avomereze udindo wa Bishopu waku Lesotho. Atakambirana kwambiri ndi banja lake komanso anzake a tchalitchi, adavomereza, ndipo pa 11 July 1976 adadzipatulira. Paulendo wake wopita ku matchalitchi akumidzi, nthaŵi zambiri ankayenda pahatchi, nthaŵi zina kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Ali ku Lesotho, sanazengereze kudzudzula Boma lomwe silinasankhidwe panthawiyo. Nthawi yomweyo, adakonzekeretsa mzika yaku Lesotho, Philip Mokuku kuti alowe m'malo mwake. Analinso ku Lesotho komwe adaitanidwa kuti akapereke maliro kwa womenyera ufulu, Steve Biko maliro. A Biko adaphedwa m'ndende ndi apolisi aku South Africa.

Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo mu ntchito yake yatsopano, Tutu anaitanidwa kuti akhale Mlembi Wamkulu wa bungwe Bungwe la Mipingo ku South Africa (SACC), yomwe adatenga pa 1 March 1978. Mu 1981, Tutu adakhala Rector of St Augustine's Church ku Orlando West, Soweto ndipo kumayambiriro kwa 1982 adalembera Pulezidenti wa Israeli kumupempha kuti asiye kuphulitsa mabomba ku Beirut; panthawi yomweyi ndikulembera mtsogoleri wa Palestine Yasser Arafat, kumupempha kuti azichita zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa Israeli. Adalemberanso Nduna Zazikulu za Zimbabwe, Lesotho ndi Swaziland ndi Purezidenti wa Botswana ndi Mozambique akuthokoza chifukwa cholandira anthu othawa kwawo ku South Africa ndikuwapempha kuti asabwezere munthu wothawa kwawo ku South Africa.

Zonsezi zinabweretsa mayankho odzudzula ndi aukali kuchokera kwa Azungu a ku South Africa osamala komanso nthawi zina ngakhale atolankhani ambiri, komabe Tutu sanaiwale kuitanidwa kwake ngati wansembe. Ali ku SACC, adafunsa Sheena Duncan, Purezidenti wa Black Sash kuyambitsa Maofesi Alangizi. Anayambitsanso bungwe la Education Opportunities Council kulimbikitsa anthu a ku South Africa kuti aziphunzira kunja kwa nyanja. N’zoona kuti anapitirizabe kudzudzula mwamphamvu lamulo la Boma lochotsa anthu akuda mokakamiza komanso dziko lawo.

Mu 1983, pamene anthu a Mogopa, mudzi waung'ono womwe panthaŵiyo unali Western Transvaal, anayenera kuchotsedwa kudziko la makolo awo kupita ku dziko lakwawo. Bophuthatswana ndipo nyumba zawo zitawonongeka, iye anaimbira foni atsogoleri a tchalitchi ndi kukonza mlonda wa usiku wonse Dr Allan Boesak ndi ansembe ena adachita nawo.

Nthawi zina Tutu ankadzudzulidwa chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe ankayendayenda kunja kwa nyanja. Komabe, maulendowa anali ofunikira kuti apeze ndalama zothandizira ntchito za SACC. Ngakhale amadzudzula Boma mosabisa kanthu, analinso wolemekezeka poyamika kapena kusonyeza kuyamikira pamene kupambana kwa gulu lodana ndi tsankho linali pafupi - mwachitsanzo, pamene adayamikira nduna ya apolisi, Louis le Grange, polola akaidi a ndale kuti achite. maphunziro a post matriculation.

Mu 1980s, Tutu adalandira ukali wa Azungu a ku South Africa okhazikika pamene adanena kuti padzakhala Prime Minister Wakuda mkati mwa zaka zisanu kapena khumi. Iye wapemphanso makolo kuti agwirizane ndi kunyanyala sukulu ndipo anachenjeza Boma kuti zibwerezabwereza zipolowe za 1976 ngati lipitiriza kusunga anthu ochita ziwonetsero. Tutu adadzudzulanso Bungwe la Purezidenti pomwe pempho la koleji yosankha masankho Azungu, Akuda ndi Amwenye inali yoti idzakhazikitsidwe. Kumbali ina, pamsonkhano ku yunivesite ya Witwatersrand mu 1985, yomwe inayitanidwa ndi Soweto Parents Crisis Committee, Tutu anachenjeza za mbadwo wosaphunzira umene sungakhale ndi luso lofunikira kuti likhale ndi maudindo mu post Apartheid South Africa.

Pa 7 August 1980, Bishopu Tutu ndi nthumwi za atsogoleri a mipingo ndi SACC anakumana ndi Prime Minister PW Botha ndi nthumwi zake za nduna. Unali msonkhano wa mbiriyakale chifukwa kanali koyamba kuti mtsogoleri wakuda, kunja kwa dongosolo, alankhule ndi mtsogoleri wa Boma Loyera. Komabe, palibe chomwe chidabwera pazokambiranazo, popeza Boma lidasungabe malingaliro ake osasintha.

Mu 1980, Tutu nayenso adatenga nawo mbali pa ulendo pamodzi ndi atsogoleri ena a tchalitchi ku Johannesburg, kupempha kuti amasule John Thorne, Mtumiki wa tchalitchi yemwe anamangidwa. Atsogoleri achipembedzowo anamangidwa motsatira lamulo lachiwawa la Assemblies Act ndipo Tutu anakhala m’ndende usiku wake woyamba. Chinali chokumana nacho chomvetsa chisoni, chochititsa ziwopsezo zakupha, ziwopsezo za mabomba, ndi mphekesera zowopsa za bishopuyo. Panthawi imeneyi, Tutu ankanyozedwa ndi boma nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezera apo, Boma linkathandizira mabungwe monga Christian League, omwe ankalandira ndalama zochitira kampeni yolimbana ndi SACC ndipo motero kufooketsa mphamvu za Tutu.

Desmond Tutu ali m'ndende. Gwero lazithunzi

Pamaulendo ake akunja, Tutu adalankhula mokakamiza motsutsana ndi tsankho; ndondomeko ya ntchito yosamukira; ndi zovuta zina zamagulu ndi ndale. Mu March 1980, Boma linachotsa pasipoti ya Tutu. Izi zinamulepheretsa kupita kutsidya lina kukalandira mphoto zimene ankapatsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, iye anali munthu woyamba kulandira digiri yaulemu ya udokotala ndi yunivesite ya Ruhr, ku West Germany, koma sanathe kuyenda atakanizidwa pasipoti. Boma lidabweza pasipoti yake mu Januwale 1981, ndipo adakwanitsa kuyenda kwambiri ku Europe ndi America pa bizinesi ya SACC, ndipo mu 1983 Tutu adakhala ndi gulu lachinsinsi ndi Papa komwe adakambilana zomwe zikuchitika ku South Africa.

Papa John Paul II akumana ndi Archbishop wa Anglican Desmond Tutu, pakati kumanja, mu 1983 ku Vatican. (CNS chithunzi/Giancarlo Giuliani, Catholic Press Photos) Gwero lazithunzi

Tsitsani mndandanda wa mphotho zonse za Desmond Tutu apa (pdf)

Boma linapitirizabe kuzunza Tutu m’zaka zonse za m’ma 1980. Bungwe la SACC linaimbidwa mlandu ndi boma kuti lalandira ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri kuchokera kutsidya kwa nyanja pofuna kuyambitsa zipolowe. Pofuna kusonyeza kuti panalibe chowonadi pa zomwe ananena, Tutu anatsutsa boma kuti liimbe mlandu SACC kukhoti lotseguka koma boma linasankha Eloff Commission of Inquiry kukafufuza SACC. Pamapeto pake bungweli silinapeze umboni wosonyeza kuti SACC ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa nyanja. 

Mu Seputembala 1982, patatha miyezi khumi ndi isanu ndi itatu opanda pasipoti, Tutu adapatsidwa 'chikalata choyendera' chochepa. Apanso, iye ndi mkazi wake anapita ku America. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu ambiri anapempha kuti Tutu abweze pasipoti, kuphatikizapo George Bush, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa United States of America. Ku United States, Tutu anatha kuphunzitsa anthu a ku America za Nelson Mandela ndi Oliver Tambo, omwe ambiri a ku America anali mbuli. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, iye anali wokhoza kupeza ndalama zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene anali kuchita nazo. Paulendo wake, adalankhulanso ku bungwe la United Nations Security Council pa momwe zinthu zilili ku South Africa.

Mu 1983, adachita nawo kukhazikitsidwa kwa National Forum, gulu la ambulera la Chidziwitso Chakuda magulu ndi Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Mu Ogasiti 1983, adasankhidwa kukhala Patron of the United Democratic Front (UDF). Kulimbana ndi tsankho la Tutu komanso kulimbikitsa anthu m’dera linakwaniritsidwa ndi mkazi wake, Leah. Iye adalimbikitsa ntchito yabwino kwa ogwira ntchito zapakhomo ku South Africa. Mu 1983, adathandizira kukhazikitsa bungwe la South African Domestic Workers Association.

Leah Tutu Gwero lazithunzi

Pa 18 October 1984, ali ku America, Tutu adamva kuti adapatsidwa mphoto ya Nobel Peace Prize chifukwa cha khama lake poyitanitsa kutha kwa ulamuliro wa Azungu ochepa ku South Africa; kuletsa mabungwe omenyera ufulu; ndi kumasulidwa kwa akaidi onse a ndale. Mphotho yeniyeniyo inachitikira ku yunivesite ya Oslo, Norway pa 10 December 1984. Pamene anthu akuda a ku South Africa ankakondwerera mphoto yapamwambayi, Boma linakhala chete, osayamikira ngakhale Tutu chifukwa cha kupambana kwake. Anthuwo anali ndi maganizo osiyanasiyana moti ena ankamutamanda ndipo ena ankafuna kumunyoza. Pa November 1984, Tutu adamva kuti adasankhidwa kukhala Bishopu waku Johannesburg. Panthawi imodzimodziyo otsutsa ake, makamaka Azungu (ndi Akuda ochepa mwachitsanzo Lennox Sebe, mtsogoleri wa Ciskei) sanasangalale ndi chisankho chake. Anakhala miyezi khumi ndi isanu ndi itatu paudindowu asanasankhidwe kukhala Bishopu waku Cape Town mu 1985. Iye anali munthu Wakuda woyamba kukhala paudindowu.

Mu ulendo wina ku America mu 1984, Tutu ndi Dr Allan Boesak anakumana ndi Senator Edward Kennedy ndipo anamupempha kuti ayende ku South Africa. Kennedy adavomera ndipo mu 1985 anafika, kuchezera Winnie Mandela ku Brandfort, Orange Free State komwe adathamangitsidwa ndikugona ndi banja la a Tutu ponyoza Group Areas Act. Komabe, ulendowo unali wodzaza ndi mikangano komanso Bungwe la Azanian Peoples Organisation (AZAPO) adapanga ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi ulendo wa Kennedy.

Bishopu wa ku South Africa Desmond Tutu, kumanja, akulandira Senator wa US Edward Kennedy pofika ku Johannesburg, January 5, 1985 Chithunzi: REUTERS Gwero lazithunzi

Ku Duduza ku East Rand mu 1985, Tutu, mothandizidwa ndi Bishopu Simeon Nkoane ndi Kenneth Oram analowererapo kuti apulumutse wapolisi wakuda, yemwe ankaimbidwa mlandu kuti anali kazitape wapolisi ndi gulu lomwe linkafuna kumupha. Patapita masiku angapo, pa maliro aakulu kwa Thema, East Rand, Tutu anadzudzula chiwawa ndi nkhanza zamtundu uliwonse; kaya idayendetsedwa ndi Boma kapena anthu amitundu.

Mu 1985, Boma linakhazikitsa a Zadzidzidzi m'maboma 36 a boma. Zoletsa zazikulu zidayikidwa pamaliro 'ndale'. Tutu adapempha Nduna ya apolisi kuti aganizirenso malamulowa ndipo ananena kuti adzawanyoza. Kenako Tutu anatumiza telegalamu kwa Prime Minister Botha kupempha msonkhano wofulumira kuti akambirane nkhaniyi. Adalandila foni yomudziwitsa kuti Botha wakana kumuona. Patatha pafupifupi chaka adakumana ndi Botha, koma palibe chomwe chidabwera pamsonkhanowu.

Tutu nayenso anali ndi msonkhano wosabala zipatso ndi Nduna Yaikulu ya ku Britain, Margaret Thatcher, yemwe anali wothandizira Boma la South Africa ndipo pambuyo pake anakana kukumana ndi Mlembi Wachilendo wa Britain, Geoffrey Howe, pa ulendo wake ku South Africa. Ulendo wake wopeza ndalama wopita ku America mu 1986 udanenedwa mofala ndi atolankhani aku South Africa, nthawi zambiri mosagwirizana, makamaka kuyitanitsa maboma aku Western kuti athandizire oletsedwa. African National Congress (ANC), yomwe panthawiyo, inali chinthu chowopsa kuchita.

Mu February 1986 Township ya Alexandra Johannesburg inayaka moto. Tutu pamodzi Reverend Beyers Naude, Dr Boesak ndi atsogoleri ena ampingo anapita ku Alexandra Township ndipo anathandiza kuthetsa vuto kumeneko. Kenako anapita ku Cape Town kukaonana ndi Botha, koma ananyozedwanso. M'malo mwake, anakumana Adriaan Vlok, Wachiwiri kwa nduna ya zamalamulo, dongosolo ndi chitetezo. Iye anauza anthu okhala ku Alexandra kuti palibe chilichonse chimene akufuna ndipo boma limangonena kuti liona zimene akufuna. Komabe, khamu la anthu silidakhulupirire ndipo ena adakwiya pomwe achinyamata ena adamulalatira kuti achoke.

Pa 7 September 1986, Tutu anadzozedwa kukhala Archbishop wa Cape Town, kukhala munthu wakuda woyamba kutsogolera mpingo wa Anglican wa Province of Southern Africa. Apanso, panali chisangalalo chachikulu pa iye kusankhidwa kukhala Archbishop, koma otsutsa anali otsutsa. Pamasitediyamu a Goodwood anthu oposa 10,000 anasonkhana polemekeza Ukaristia. Purezidenti wa ANC yemwe adachotsedwa Oliver Tambo ndi 45 Atsogoleri a maiko adatumiza mayamiko awo kwa iye.

Patatha chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa chisankho choyamba cha demokalase chomwe chinatha ulamuliro wa ochepa a White mu 1994, Tutu anasankhidwa kukhala Wapampando wa Choonadi ndi Komiti Yowonanitsa (TRC), kuthana ndi nkhanza zakale. Tutu adapuma pantchito ngati Archbishop wa Cape Town mu 1996 kuti apereke nthawi yake yonse ku ntchito ya TRC. Pambuyo pake adatchedwa Archbishop Emeritus. Mu 1997, Tutu adapezeka ndi khansa ya prostate ndipo adalandira chithandizo chabwino ku America. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi vutoli, anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito ndi bungweli. Pambuyo pake adakhala woyang'anira South African Prostate Cancer Foundation, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2007.

Mu 1998 the Desmond Tutu Peace Center (DTPC) inakhazikitsidwa ndi Archbishop Desmond Tutu ndi Akazi a Leah Tutu. Center imagwira ntchito yapadera pomanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito cholowa cha Archbishop Tutu kuti pakhale mtendere padziko lapansi.

Mu 2004 Tutu anabwerera ku United Kingdom kukatumikira monga pulofesa wochezera ku King's College. Anakhalanso zaka ziŵiri, monga Pulofesa Woyendera wa Theology pa yunivesite ya Emory ku Atlanta, Georgia, ndipo anapitirizabe kuyenda ulendo wautali kuti atsatire chilungamo pazifukwa zoyenera, mkati ndi kunja kwa dziko lake. Ku South Africa, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amayang'ana kwambiri zathanzi, makamaka nkhani ya HIV/AIDS ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Mu Januwale 2004 Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation idakhazikitsidwa movomerezeka pansi pa utsogoleri wa Prof Robin Wood ndi Wothandizira Pulofesa Linda-Gail Bekker. Maziko anali ndi zoyambira zake ngati HIV Research Unit yochokera ku Chipatala cha New Somerset Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zipatala zoyamba zaboma kupereka mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV kwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Posachedwapa, maziko, mothandizidwa ndi Emeritus Archbishop Desmond ndi Leah Tutu, adakulitsa ntchito zake kuti aphatikizepo chithandizo cha HIV, kupewa ndi kuphunzitsa komanso kuyang'anira chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu m'madera ovuta kwambiri ku Western Cape.

Tutu akupitiriza kulankhula za makhalidwe ndi ndale zomwe zimakhudza South Africa ndi mayiko ena. Ngakhale kuti wakhala akuthandiza chipani cha ANC kwa nthawi yaitali, iye sadachite mantha kudzudzula Boma ndi chipani cholamula pamene ankaona kuti chalephera kutsatira mfundo za demokalase zimene anthu ambiri ankamenyera nkhondo. Iye wakhala akupempha mtendere m’dziko la Zimbabwe mobwerezabwereza ndipo akuyerekeza zimene boma la mtsogoleri wakale wa dziko la Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe linachita ndi zimene zinkachitika mu ulamuliro wa tsankho ku South Africa. Iye ndi wothandizira chifukwa cha Palestina ndi anthu a East Timor. Iye ndi wodzudzula mosapita m’mbali za nkhanza zimene akaidi akuchitiridwa ku Guantanamo Bay ndipo walankhula motsutsa kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ku Burma. Naakali kukkala mubusena bwakusaanguna mubusena bwakusaanguna, Tutu wakalomba kuti Aung San Suu Kyi, musololi wabasikalumamba bamu Burma abaalu mumbungano ya Nobel Peace Prize. Komabe, Suu Kyi atatulutsidwa, Tutu nayenso sanachite mantha kudzudzula poyera kukhala chete kwake poyang'anizana ndi nkhanza kwa anthu a Rohingya ku Myanmar.

Mu 2007, Tutu adalumikizana ndi Purezidenti wakale Nelson Mandela; Purezidenti wakale wa US Jimmy Carter; Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN wopuma pantchito Kofi Annan; ndi Purezidenti wakale waku Ireland a Mary Robinson kuti apange The Elders, njira yachinsinsi yolimbikitsa atsogoleri akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi kunja kwa njira zanthawi zonse zaukazembe. Tutu anasankhidwa kukhala tcheyamani wa gululo. Pambuyo pa izi, Carter ndi Tutu adayenda pamodzi ku Darfur, Gaza ndi Cyprus pofuna kuthetsa mikangano yomwe idakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Zomwe Tutu adachita m'mbiri komanso kuyesetsa kwake kulimbikitsa mtendere padziko lonse lapansi zidadziwika ndi United States mu 2009, pomwe Purezidenti Barack Obama adamutcha kuti alandire ulemu wapamwamba kwambiri wa anthu wamba, Medal of Freedom ya Purezidenti.

Tutu adapuma pantchito pagulu pa 7 Okutobala 2010. Komabe, akupitilizabe kuchita nawo gulu la Elders ndi Nobel Laureate Group ndikuthandizira kwake Desmond Tutu Peace Center. Koma adasiya udindo wake ngati Chancellor wa University of Western Cape komanso ngati nthumwi ya komiti yolangizira ya UN pa kupewa kupha anthu.

M'sabata yomwe idatsogolera kubadwa kwake kwa zaka 80, Tutu adaponyedwa m'malo owonekera. Mtsogoleri wauzimu wa Tibet, Dalai Lama, yemwe anapita ku ukapolo mu 1959 atatsogolera zipolowe zotsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa China, anaitanidwa ndi Tutu kuti apereke phunziro loyamba la Desmond Tutu International Peace pa chikondwerero cha masiku atatu cha kubadwa kwa Tutu zaka 80 ku Cape Town. Boma la South Africa lidazengereza pomwe likuganiza zopatsa a Dalai Lama visa, mwina podziwa kuti potero adayika pachiwopsezo chokhumudwitsa anzawo ku China. Pofika pa 4 October 2011, a Dalai Lama sanapatsidwe chitupa cha visa chikapezeka ndipo adaletsa ulendo wake, ponena kuti sabwera ku South Africa chifukwa boma la South Africa lidapeza kuti 'zosokoneza' ndipo sanatero. kufuna kuika munthu aliyense kapena Boma pamalo osatheka. Boma linagwira kumbuyo kwake likuyesera kuteteza kuchedwa kwake. Anthu a ku South Africa ochokera m’madera osiyanasiyana a ndale, atsogoleri achipembedzo, ophunzira ndi mabungwe a anthu, anagwirizana podzudzula zimene Boma likuchita. Mwachiwonetsero chosowa chaukali Tutu adayambitsa kuwukira kowopsa pa ANC ndi President Jacob Zuma, posonyeza mkwiyo wake pa zimene Boma likuchita pankhani ya Dalai Lama. Dalai Lama anali atakanizidwa kale visa yopita ku South Africa mu 2009. Tutu ndi Dalai Lama anapitirizabe kulemba buku limodzi.

Zaka zaposachedwapa, Tutu wakhala akudwala matenda okhudzana ndi khansa ya prostate. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za thanzi lake lofooka, Tutu akupitirizabe kulemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha chidziwitso chake, malingaliro ake ndi zochitika zake, makamaka pa chiyanjanitso. Mu July 2014 Tutu adanena kuti amakhulupirira kuti munthu ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu womwalira mwaulemu, maganizo omwe adakambirana nawo pa tsiku lake lobadwa la 85 mu 2016. Akupitiriza kudzudzula boma la South Africa pa nkhani zachinyengo komanso zomwe akunena kuti ndi imfa yawo. kampasi yamakhalidwe abwino.

Mwana wake wamkazi, Mpho Tutu-van Furth, anakwatiwa ndi bwenzi lake lachikazi Pulofesa Marceline van Furth mu May 2016, zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti azilankhula kwambiri kuposa kale pothandizira ufulu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha padziko lonse lapansi komanso mkati mwa Tchalitchi cha Anglican. Tutu sanasiye kulankhula poyera motsutsana ndi zomwe amaona kuti ndi zachiwerewere, kaya ku China ku Ulaya, kapena ku United States. Anali Tutu amene anayambitsa mawu otchuka, 'Rainbow Nation' kufotokoza kukongola kosiyana komwe kungapezeke pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana ku South Africa. Ngakhale kuti kutchuka kwa mawuwa kwacheperachepera m’zaka zapitazi, lingaliro la dziko logwirizana logwirizana la ku South Africa likadali lofunika kwambiri.

Mu 2015, kukondwerera chaka chawo cha 60 chaukwati, Tutu ndi Leah anakonzanso malumbiro awo.

Mawu a Mtsogoleri wa Global Tourism: Prof. Geoffrey Lipman

Ndinakumana ndi Archbishop kangapo, pamene ndinali Purezidenti wa WTTC m'zaka za m'ma 1990 - mosaiwalika pamene tinapita limodzi ndi Purezidenti wakale wa S. African De Klerk ndi angapo Nobel Lareatesinto Ramalla kutsagana ndi mtsogoleri wotsutsa wa Israeli panthawiyo, Shimon Peres kukakumana ndi Yasser Arafat ndi Utsogoleri wa PLA.

Ulendo woyamba womwe mtsogoleri wa Israeli adapita ku likulu. Ndipo zinangochitika atangonyamuka ulendo wopita ku UN Assembly. Unali mwayi kukhala naye ....nthawi zonse kumwetulira kodabwitsa komanso lingaliro labwino.

Ndipo nthabwala zowoneka bwino - nkhani yake yomwe amakonda kwambiri inali ya mnyamata yemwe adagwa pathanthwe ndikugwira nthambi kuti apulumutse moyo wake. akukuwa kuti amuthandize akufuula “kodi pali wina pamwamba apo” ndipo liwu likuti Ine ndine Yehova Mulungu wako, lisiye nthambi ndipo udzayandama m’mbuyo kuchitetezo. Ndipo mnyamatayo akufuula "Kodi pali wina aliyense kumeneko"

Zimenezo zinamufotokozera mwamunayo.

Mawu a Purezidenti waku South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa

Purezidenti wa South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa akufotokoza, m'malo mwa anthu onse a ku South Africa, chisoni chake chachikulu pakumwalira lero, Lamlungu 26 December 2021, Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Mpilo Tutu.

Archbishop Tutu, womaliza ku South Africa wolandira mphotho ya Nobel Peace Prize, anamwalira ku Cape Town ali ndi zaka 90.

Purezidenti Ramaphosa akulankhula mawu achisoni kwa Mam Leah Tutu, banja la a Tutu, gulu ndi antchito a Desmond and Leah Tutu Legacy Foundation, Elders and Nobel Laureate Group, ndi abwenzi, comrades ndi mabwenzi a mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino wauzimu padziko lonse lapansi. , wolimbana ndi tsankho komanso wolimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Purezidenti Ramaphosa adati: "Kumwalira kwa Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu ndi mutu wina wachisoni pakutsanzikana kwa dziko lathu kwa m'badwo wa anthu odziwika bwino a ku South Africa omwe adatisiyira dziko lomasulidwa la South Africa.

“Desmond Tutu anali wokonda dziko lake popanda wofanana naye; mtsogoleri wa mfundo ndi pragmatism amene anapereka tanthauzo ku chidziwitso cha Baibulo kuti chikhulupiriro chopanda ntchito ndi chakufa.

“Munthu wanzeru zodabwitsa, wachilungamo komanso wosagonjetseka polimbana ndi mphamvu za tsankho, analinso wachifundo komanso wosatetezeka chifukwa chachifundo chake kwa iwo omwe adazunzidwa ndi kuponderezedwa, kusalungama ndi chiwawa mu nthawi ya tsankho, komanso kuponderezedwa ndi kuponderezedwa padziko lonse lapansi.

“Monga Wapampando wa bungwe la Truth and Reconciliation Commission, adafotokoza za mkwiyo wapadziko lonse wa kuonongeka kwa tsankho ndipo adawonetsa mogwira mtima komanso mozama tanthauzo la umunthu, chiyanjano ndi kukhululuka.

"Iye adayika bwino kwambiri maphunziro ake pantchito yomenyera nkhondo yathu komanso pothandizira chilungamo cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma padziko lonse lapansi.

"Kuyambira m'misewu yotsutsa ku South Africa kupita ku maguwa a matchalitchi akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi ndi malo olambirira, komanso malo olemekezeka a mwambo wa Nobel Peace Prize, Arch adadziwonetsa yekha ngati wosagwirizana ndi mpatuko, wophatikiza ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu onse.

“M’moyo wake wolimbikitsa koma wovuta, Desmond Tutu anagonjetsa chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, nkhanza za magulu achitetezo atsankho komanso kusamvera maulamuliro otsatizanatsatizana atsankho. Ngakhale a Casspirs, ophulitsa misozi kapena apolisi sakanamuopseza kapena kumuletsa ku chikhulupiriro chake cholimba cha ufulu wathu.

"Anakhalabe wokhulupilika ku zikhulupiliro zake munthawi ya demokalase yathu ndipo adakhalabe wamphamvu komanso watcheru pomwe amatsogolera utsogoleri ndi mabungwe omwe akutukuka a demokalase yathu kuti ayankhe mwanjira yake yosathawika, yosathawika komanso yolimbikitsa nthawi zonse.

"Tikugawana nawo mphindi yotayika kwambiri iyi ndi a Mam Leah Tutu, yemwe ndi mnzake wa Archbishop komanso gwero lamphamvu ndi luntha, yemwe wathandizira kwambiri ufulu wathu komanso kukulitsa demokalase yathu.

"Tikupemphera kuti Archbishop Tutu akhale mumtendere koma mzimu wake ukhale woyang'anira tsogolo la dziko lathu."

ZOMWE ZINAPEMBEDWA NDI nduna mu pulezidenti MONDLI GUNGUBELE

Mondli Gungubele ndi wa ndale wa ku South Africa, mtsogoleri wa mabungwe a ogwira ntchito komanso mphunzitsi yemwe ndi nduna ya Purezidenti mu Ofesi ya Purezidenti komanso membala wa National Assembly of South Africa wa African National Congress.

www.thepresidency.gov.za