Kodi misonkhano ibwerera? Kodi mahoteli amathadi kutsegulidwa motetezeka?… Kapena kodi tizikhala kunyumba?

Alendo Akukumana ndi Paradigm Yatsopano

Mpaka, kuphatikiza pachiyambi cha 2020, akatswiri ambiri ku hotelo, maulendo, komanso ntchito zokopa alendo angavomereze kuti "zazikulu ndizabwino." Kufunikira kudapangitsa kufunika kopanga zombo zikuluzikulu zapaulendo, mahotela ambiri ndi kusiyanitsa, mabwalo owonjezera ndi malo amisonkhano, ndege zothamanga komanso zazikulu. Kunkawoneka kuti kulibe denga ndipo kulibe zoletsa zomwe zikulepheretsa kupitilizabe kwa malonda. Anthu ochokera m'maiko onse, mosasamala kanthu za ndalama kapena ntchito, adalimbikitsidwa kuyenda kumayiko ena komanso kumayiko ena, kukaona anzawo, mabanja, maphunziro, kuwonjezera bizinesi, komanso kuchita nawo masewera ena. Kuyambira pasipoti kupita kumakadi olowera padziko lonse lapansi adapangidwa kuti afulumizitse unyinji momwe anali kudzaza mosangalala ma eyapoti ndi malo okwerera masitima. Kukhazikika kwa anthu kosunthika kuchokera ku chochitika china kupita ku china, kuchokera mumzinda umodzi kupita ku china komanso kuchokera ku kontrakitala ina kupita ku ina kudabweretsa misozi yachisangalalo kwa utsogoleri wamakampani popeza kuwonjezeka kwa mzere kumatanthauza ma bonasi okulirapo komanso chitetezo pantchito.

Nanga Bwanji Zoopsa?

Zowopsa zapaulendo zakhalapo nthawi zonse, ngakhale sizikhala kutsogolo komanso pakati. Ndege ikhoza kuwonongeka, taxi ikhoza kulandidwa kumadera akutali a dziko, MERS ndi SARS ndi ZIKA zidadzetsa nkhawa zathanzi, poyizoni wazakudya komanso madzi owonongeka zidapangitsa kuti kutsekula m'mimba kuyende; Komabe, palibe zoopsa zomwe zidali zokwanira kapena zoyipa mokwanira kuti zingathe kuyimitsa kapena ngakhale kuchepa kufunafuna mwayi wowonjezera woyenda.

Anapusa

Tithokoze chifukwa chamantha aku China komanso World Health Organisation (WHO) komanso kupusa kwa omwe akukhala ku White House, COVID 19, kachilombo kamene kamatha kukhala kochepa padziko lonse lapansi (taganizirani MERS, SARS ndi Zika) pa Maulendo apadziko lonse lapansi, asandulika mliri, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi, kusatsimikizika komanso kuwonongeka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, kuyika zokambirana zazaumoyo pachimake pamalingaliro aboma ndi aboma. A Trump ndi anzawo adayambitsa tsoka lomwe lasokoneza anthu, ndi zotulukapo zazifupi komanso zazitali. Mliriwu ndi wapadera chifukwa wakhudza - osati mdera limodzi kapena awiri kapena mayiko, koma, dziko lonse lapansi, ndi tsiku losadziwika lomaliza.

Ulendo ndi Nihilism

Atsogoleri apadziko lonse omwe, m'mbuyomu, ankathandizana wina ndi mnzake, tsopano akupikisana pazopeza zochepa, ndikuyika zosowa zawo patsogolo pa zosowa za ena. Zovutazo zikuwonjezeka kwa anthu komanso magulu chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zilipo komanso tsogolo losadziwika. Dziko lonse lapansi likuchita zinthu zowoneka bwino zomwe zimapereka chiyembekezo chochepa kapena chopanda chiyembekezo, utsogoleri wofooka (mwabwino), maboma omwe amayesa kugwira ntchito ndikupanga zisankho popanda kudziwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri, amakhala osakanikirana.

Zotsatira zakanthawi yayitali za COVID 19 sizikudziwika bwinobwino; komabe, kufupika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kwakanthawi kochepa kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi, kusapezeka kwa mwayi watsopano, kuphatikiza ndi kachilombo kosintha komanso komwe kukukulira kwawonetsa kuti kubwera kwakanthawi kwamanthu padziko lonse lapansi komwe kumayeserera zachilendo kumawoneka ngati kopanda tanthauzo.

Kufotokozera, Osati Yankho

Chifukwa chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi sichinakonzekere mliriwu (kuphatikiza, koma osati zandale, zasayansi, zachuma, zaboma komanso zaumoyo wa anthu) zomwe zikuyang'ana kwambiri ndikufalitsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka - makamaka Misonkhano ya Misa popeza zochitika izi zimawerengedwa kuti zikuwonetsa zovuta zathanzi zomwe asayansi ndi maboma sanakonzekere kapena sanakonzekere kuthana nazo.

Zakale, zochitika zazikulu (ndale, masewera, chipembedzo, nyimbo, bizinesi) zakhala zikuyambitsa matenda opatsirana omwe amafalikira padziko lonse lapansi koma osafikira kukula kwa COVID 19. Chosiyana ndi matendawa ndikukula kwa vutoli. Miliri yam'mbuyomu idalankhulidwa ndi atsogoleri adziko lonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira, kupititsa patsogolo zofunikira zaumoyo, komanso njira zothetsera mavuto zomwe zakhala zikuwongolera matenda opatsirana padziko lonse lapansi.

Chachikulu. Zazikulu. Zazikulu

Anthu Ambiri

Misonkhano yayikulu ikufotokozedwa ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) ngati, "chochitika chomwe chimangochitika mwadzidzidzi pomwe kuchuluka kwa anthu opezekapo kumatha kukakamiza kukonzekera ndi kuyankha kwa anthu ammudzimo kapena dziko lomwe likuchita mwambowo." Center for Disease Control (CDC) ivomereza kuti COVID 19 imafalikira ndimadontho opumira omwe amatulutsidwa anthu akamayankhula, kutsokomola, kuyetsemula, ndikufuula. Zikuwoneka kuti kachilomboka kamafalikira m'manja kuchokera pamalo owonongeka kenako ndikulowa m'mphuno, mkamwa, ndi maso, ndikupangitsa matenda. Yankho lokhalo, pakadali pano, ndilodzitchinjiriza monga kutsuka m'manja, kukhala kutali ndi ena (kunyumba), malo 6 mapazi pakati pa munthu wina ndi mnzake, ndi kuvala chophimba pankhope, kuphatikiza kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo ta malo onse.

Misonkhano yayikulu yadzetsa ngozi zaposachedwa kuzidziwitso zamayiko ena kuphatikiza (koma osangolekezera): Olimpiki ya Vancouver 2010 Winter (H1N1 fuluwenza)); chikho cha 2010 FIFA World Cup ku South Africa (H1N1 fuluwenza); Mpikisano wapa Africa Cup of National Soccer Cup ku Equatorial Guinea (matenda a Ebola virus); Olimpiki ya Rio 2015 (kachilombo ka Zika); Komabe, palibe amene afikira kuuma ndi zovuta za SARS CoV-2016, zomwe zanenedwa kuchokera ku China mu 2-2019 ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timafalikira ndi njira yopumira yomwe ikutsogolera ku mliri wa COVID 20.

Pitani kapena Ayi

Chifukwa kusonkhana kwa anthu ambiri kumabweretsa ndalama zambiri ndikupanga kulengeza kwakukulu ndikulimbikitsa maubwenzi apamalowa (komwe akupita ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali), zochitika zomwe zakonzedwa COVID 19 isanaloledwe. Okonza malo, komanso chitetezo cha boma, alangizi azaumoyo, ndi alangizi okhudzana ndi chitetezo akukonzekera zochitikazi ndi katemera, mankhwala, akatswiri azachipatala kuphatikiza njira zochepetsera ndi njira zochokera pazochitikira. Tsoka ilo, kuyankha pang'onopang'ono (kwachisoni) kwamaboma kuthekera kwakukulu kwa matenda opatsirana a Covid19 kudapangitsa kuti mliriwo ufalikire mopanda liwiro modabwitsa.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuzindikira kwaulesi ndi kuvomereza mochedwa ponena kuti kusonkhana kwa anthu ambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kufalikira kwa ma virus - kwakakamiza misonkhano, misonkhano, ndi misonkhano ku Zoom ndi njira zina pa intaneti.

Mabiliyoni Atayika

Zochitika za misa zomwe zaletsedwa kapena kuimitsidwa pambuyo pake zimaphatikizapo London Marathon yomwe nthawi zambiri imapanga ndalama zopitilira 100 miliyoni ($ 125m) zachuma ku UK. Izi zidakhumudwitsanso billionaire Richard Branson yemwe adathandizira mwambowu kudzera mwa Virgin Money kuyambira 2010. Taylor Swift ndi Sir Paul McCartney amayenera kuchita nawo chikondwerero chachikulu kwambiri ku UK kunja kwa zisanachitike. Glastonbury imapereka mapaundi 50 miliyoni ($ 62m) pachaka pakugulitsa matikiti okha (zolipiritsa tikubwezeredwa). Kugulitsa zinthu pamasamba, komanso ndalama zakomweko, zitha kuwonjezera kutaya kwina kwa mapaundi miliyoni miliyoni ($ 100m). Chifukwa Phwando la Glastonbury limapereka pafupifupi mapaundi miliyoni miliyoni ($ 125m) a phindu lake kumabungwe othandizira am'deralo, zopanda phindu izi zidzawona kuchepa kwachuma chawo chaka chino chifukwa chakuchotsa.

Wimbledon, mpikisanowu wodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amayembekezera kutayika kwa mapaundi 200 ($ 249.4 m) kudzera pakubweza tikiti, otsatsa komanso othandizira. Nkhani yabwino pamwambowu ndi inshuwaransi yake yomwe idaphatikizapo miliri. Kalabu imatha kufunsa pafupifupi mapaundi miliyoni miliyoni ($ 100m) kuti alipire ndalama zomwe zatayika. Bungwe la Britain Lawn Tennis Association lipindulanso ngakhale kuti lasiya ntchito chifukwa likalandira chaka chilichonse ndalama zokwana mapaundi 125 miliyoni ($ 40m) kuchokera ku Wimbledon.

London Fashion Week nthawi zambiri imapanga ndalama zosachepera mapaundi 269 miliyoni ($ 333.8m) pamalipiro a mzinda wa London, kuphatikiza ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ogulitsa malo ogulitsira ndi eni malo odyera komanso malo osungira ziwonetsero, ndi msonkho wowonjezera wa kampani ndi ndalama zogulitsira mu chuma ndi alendo. Chochitikacho chalimbikitsa kwambiri pa intaneti, ndipo otsatira ake akuthabe kuwona mafashoni awo, koma Mzinda wa London wataya njira zowonongera ndalama zaomwe amapezekapo m'thumba.

Maseŵera a Olimpiki a Tokyo 2020 adawononga dzikolo ndalama zoposa $ 12.6 biliyoni kuti atulutse pomwe kuchotsedwako kudawonjezera kutayika kwina kwa $ 2.7 biliyoni chifukwa midzi yomwe idapangidwa mwaluso iyenera kusamalidwa, ogwira ntchito amayenera kulipidwa, ndipo malo ambiri amayenera kusinthidwa.

Zochitika zina zomwe zaletsedwa kapena kuimitsidwa ndikuphatikizira mpikisano wampikisano wa Union of European Soccer Associations Euro 2020; Formula 1 Grand Prix ku China; Mpikisano wa rugby wa National National ku Italy ndi Ireland; Zochitika pakuyenerera nkhonya za Olimpiki; Mobile World Congress ku Barcelona ndi Umrah ku Saudi Arabia.

Kwa magulu ang'onoang'ono chochitika chapachaka chitha kukhala mwayi wokhawo wopezera ndalama, kupezera ndalama chaka china chantchito. Ndalama zomwe zimachitika pakukonzekera mwina sizingabwerenso. Zowonongekazo zikuphatikizapo kukonzekera, ochita bwino komanso zolipiritsa, komanso zotsatsa zomwe sizingabwezeretsedwe. Zochitika zikuluzikulu zitha kukhala ndi inshuwaransi yobwereranso, koma zocheperako - zochitika pagulu ndizokayikitsa mwayiwu.

Kupitilira Kuopsa: Ubale Wapagulu

Nthawi zambiri, misonkhano yayikulu idathetsedwa kapena kusamutsidwa pa intaneti, osati pongoganizira zowopsa pazaumoyo wa anthu, koma chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa zochitikazi kudzera pachisangalalo cha atolankhani komanso kutenga nawo mbali pagulu / ndale komanso chiyembekezo cha ogula. Ngati zochitika izi zikadaloledwa kupitilira padziko lonse lapansi, zikuwonetseratu mwayi wofalitsa matendawa padziko lonse lapansi, kuyankha pagulu kukadakhala koopsa komanso kosatha. Chifukwa cha mantha, kusatsimikizika, komanso kuda nkhawa ndi kulephera, kuphatikiza zomwe zikupezeka ndikuwonjezeka zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zochitikazi ndi zakudya za Petri zofalitsa kachilomboka, zaonedwa kuti ndi nzeru kusatulutsa izi - khalani - chaka chino .

Osakhumudwa

Zomwe zikupitilizabe kusokoneza izi ndikuti, potengera kulengeza konse, kuphatikiza zomwe asayansi, akuluakulu azaumoyo, atsogoleri amabizinesi, ndi magulu am'magulu, anthu akadali ndi nkhawa kupita kumisonkhano, kufunafuna mwayi womwe ungaganiziridwe kuti ndi "mobisa , ”Ndipo, nthawi zina, m'malo omwe amatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi osatetezeka, ngakhale pansi pazotheka.

Zikwi zambiri za mafani adanyamula mpikisano ku South Dakota posachedwa ngakhale kuchuluka kwa milandu yolembedwa ndi ma coronavirus m'boma. Speed ​​ya Huset, yotsekedwa kwazaka zambiri, inali kutsegulidwanso ndipo pafupifupi anthu 9000 adadzaza m'mipando opanda maski akumaso. Zotsatira za mwambowu? Akuluakulu azaumoyo adalengeza milandu yatsopano 88 komanso imfa imodzi.

CDC idanenanso kuti pakati pa anthu 92 omwe adapezekapo kutchalitchi chakumidzi ku Arkansas mu Marichi 6-11, 35 (38%) adapanga Covid 19 ndipo anthu atatu adamwalira. Zowukira kwambiri zinali mwa anthu azaka 19-64 (59 peresenti) ndi +/- 65 zaka (50%). Milandu yowonjezera 26 yolumikizidwa ndi tchalitchichi idachitika mdera lino kuphatikiza imfa imodzi.

Ku Skagit County, Washington, mamembala 45 a oyimba anthu 60 omwe adachita zoyeserera adadwala ndi COVID 19. Palibe amene adawonetsa zisonyezo asanapite kumayesowo ndipo munalibe milandu yodziwika mderali, ngakhale milandu idadziwika ku Seattle wapafupi.

Ku Austin, Texas, ophunzira 28 pa 70 omwe adasungitsa ndege ku Mexico kukapuma kasupe adayesedwa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka.

Ku Georgia, olira 200 adasonkhana kumaliro ndipo achibale ambiri ndi omwe adakhalapo adayamba kufuna kachilomboka.

Ku New Rochelle, NY, ali ndi zaka 90^th Tsiku lobadwa, wolandirayo adayesedwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo komanso alendo asanu ndi atatu adadwala, kuphatikiza makolo, ndipo awiri omwe adakhalapo adamwalira.

Ndalama Zachitukuko

Zochitika zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pamoyo wam'madera ndikupita kumaphwando ndi zochitika zazikulu zimapindulitsa munthuyo komanso komwe akupita. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kupita kumaphwando kumakhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwamalingaliro ndipo zomwe akugawana zimakhazikika m'magulu olimba komanso olimba.

Katswiri wama psychology, a Sonja Lyubomirsky, apeza kuti zilibe kanthu kuti mulowetsedwe kapena kuchita zinthu mopitilira muyeso, kulumikizana ndi anthu ena kumawoneka kuti kumathandizira kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Psychology ya kupezeka pamisonkhano yayikulu imathandizira kuti munthu asiye kukhala "payekha" ndikuloledwa kudzizindikiritsa pagulu.

Pali kusintha kosasintha: anthu amasintha ndikuchita malinga ndi zikhulupiliro zawo ndi zikhalidwe zawo kuzikhulupiriro ndi zikhulupiriro zamagulu, akuchita, "ngati" anali okondwerera-okonda kapena okonda masewera. Palinso kusinthana kwachibale: anthu amadzitanthauzira okha malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndikuwona ena akugawana zikhalidwe zomwezo, ndikupangitsa maubale kukhala ogwirizana.

Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti mamembala am'maguluwa amakhalanso ogwirizana, aulemu, odalirika, othandizira komanso othandiza kwa ena ndipo amayamba kugawana nawo gulu lololeza kuyanjana kwapafupi, ndikupangitsa kuti "kuchuluka" kukhale kovomerezeka. Kuzindikira kwachikondi ndi kuthandizira kumathandizira kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri omwe amapezeka pamagulu ambiri.

Shrink Yakulungidwa

Kumayambiriro kwa mliriwo Center for Disease Control (CDC) idachenjeza motsutsana ndi magulu okulirapo kuposa 250 ngati palibe gulu lodziwika lomwe likufalikira m'derali. Chiwerengerocho chinachepa kufika pa 50, mofulumira kuchotsera kufika pa anthu opitirira 10. Asayansi ndi akatswiri azaumoyo akuvomereza kuti ndibwino kupatula aliyense; komabe, izi ndizosatheka ndipo kusunga magulu ang'onoang'ono kumachepetsa anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV omwe amakumana ndi kachilomboka.

Akuluakulu ena aboma amvera sayansi ndipo mabwalo akhala akuchepa: osadyera m'nyumba, kuletsa masiku amasewera, kupeŵa malo omwera ndi kusangalala, kugwira ntchito kunyumba ... zonsezi ndi cholinga chopewa anthu ena.

Palibe Yankho Lolondola

Palibe nambala yamatsenga yomwe ndiyabwino pamisonkhano, malinga ndi a Samuel Scarpino, wasayansi wamavuto ovuta komanso ukatswiri wazachitsanzo wa matenda opatsirana ochokera ku Northeastern University ku Boston, MA. Ngakhale kusungitsa magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikofunikira, palinso zifukwa zina kuphatikiza zaka, kudwaladwala, kusiyanasiyana kwa momwe kachiromboka kamakhalira komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Momwe anthu amasunthira pagulu la anthu amatha kusintha momwe kachilombo ka HIV kamadutsira pagulu. Nthawi zina, sikukula kwa gululo koma momwe anthu amakhalira olimbirana komanso nthawi yocheperana pagulu.

Mu 2018 panali kafukufuku wofufuza kudzera ku London Underground ndi manambala a matenda ngati fuluwenza omwe amapezeka ndi Public Health England. Mitengo yamatenda inali yokwera m'malo omwe sitima zapansi panthaka zinali zotanganidwa kwambiri, osati chifukwa panali anthu ambiri omwe amadutsa koma anali kudutsa pang'onopang'ono, kuwapangitsa kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali pokwerera ndikuyandikira anthu ambiri (ganizirani unyinji kuthera maola ochulukirachulukira m'mabwalo a ndege aku US malamulo atawunikidwa atakhazikitsidwa).

Utsogoleri Wosamva

Covid 19 wapereka imfa, matenda osakhalitsa, kusowa ntchito, mabanja omwe ali osauka kumene, kusowa pokhala, kukhumudwa, komanso kudzipha kowonjezeka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, koma palibe chomwe chikuwoneka ngati chikugwedeza singano pankhani ya andale osamva ndi atsogoleri amabizinesi. Palibe aliyense, padziko lonse lapansi, yemwe akuwoneka kuti ali pantchito yakubwezeretsa Covid 19 ndikutenga ziwengo zomwe zidzabwezeretse, ndikubwezeretsanso chuma chamayiko onse.

Akazi. Kutsogolo ndi Center

Ku USA, kudikirira m'mapiko, ndi atsogoleri atsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza a Kamala Harris, Elizabeth Warren, Val Deming, ndi Tami Duckworth. Munthawi yomwe dziko lapansi lili ndi njala ya utsogoleri, azimayiwa adasisitidwa, osatha kufalitsa nkhani ndi chithandizo chachuma chofunikira kuti abweretse malingaliro ndi malingaliro awo pakatikati. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kwa tonsefe, kuti kuyitanidwa kwawo kosamveka sikukuyankhidwa.

Kukulirapo Kungakhale Bwino

Titha kuyembekeza, ndikupemphera, ndikuchotsa voti, kuti - pomaliza, mu Novembala 2020, utsogoleri watsopano utsegule njira yamtsogolo ndipo, tidzathanso kukumana ndi anzathu pa zakumwa ndi chakudya chamadzulo, kudzakhala nawo zowonekera padziko lonse lapansi, kusambira m'mayiwe ama hotelo, kugula zinthu zogulitsa ndikusakanikirana ndi malo owonetsera zakale. Misonkhano yayikulu nthawi imodzi ndi malo abwino kwambiri komanso oyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Zomwe zili gawo lathu pano siziyenera kufooketsa kufunikira kwa zochitika zazikulu. Chofunikira ndikumvetsetsa bwino zamankhwala, zachikhalidwe komanso zama psychology pamisonkhano, misonkhano yayikulu ndi makonsati, kuti tiwonetsetse kuti zotsalirazo zidayikidwa kuyambira koyipa mpaka kopambana.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.