Kuwonongeka kwa Sitima yapamadzi ya Titanic yapeza tsogolo latsopano ngati zokopa alendo

Pafupifupi zaka 92 zapita kuyambira pomwe Kaputeni Charles Bartlett, atavala zovala zake zogona pamlatho wa sitima yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, HMHS Britannic, adayitana kuti asiye zombo.

Inali 8.35am pa November 21 1916. Mtsinje wa m’nyanja wa zitsulo zinayi, womangidwa kuti ukhale wokulirapo komanso wotetezeka kuposa “wosamira” wa Titanic, mlongo wake wodwala matenda, anali kundandalika mofulumira. Bartlett ankadziwa kuti ngalawayo yatsala pang’ono kutha, koma m’maŵa womwewu munali bata mochititsa mantha pamene inkayenda kukasonkhanitsa asilikali ovulala pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ku Balkan, iyeyo kapena ogwira nawo ntchito sakanatha kuganiza kuti ngalawayo idzatsika mofulumira bwanji.

Kuphulikaku kunachitika nthawi ya 8.12am, ndikutumiza kunjenjemera kwakukulu kudzera m'chombo cha gargantuan, ndikuwononga kwambiri uta wake pamene inkadutsa pachilumba cha Greece cha Kea. Mphindi makumi asanu ndi zisanu pambuyo pake, "chombo chodabwitsa" cha mamita 269 (883ft) chinagona m'mbali mwa nyanja pansi pa nyanja.

Kumeneko Britannic, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu February 1914 ku Belfast, ndipo, chaka chotsatira, idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sitima yapachipatala yanthawi yankhondo kwa nthawi yoyamba, idakhala pakuya kwamamita 122 (400ft), osakhudzidwa ndi kuyiwalika, mpaka anapezeka ndi wofufuza malo Jacques Cousteau, mu 1975.

Tsopano, chinsinsi, ndi mkangano umene waphimba chombo ichi - chomwe chinamira mofulumira poyerekeza ndi 160 kapena mphindi zomwe zinatengedwa ndi Titanic - zikhoza kuchotsedwa posachedwa.

Pali mapulani osintha chombocho kukhala malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ochititsa chidwi apansi pamadzi. Malo ake, omwe mpaka pano akungowonedwa ndi ochepa chabe osambira, adzatsegulidwa kwa alendo. Cholinga chake ndi chakuti maulendo oyamba oyenda pansi pamadzi ayambe chilimwe chamawa.

Wodabwitsa bwino

Simon Mills, wolemba mbiri yapamadzi wa ku Britain amene anagula chombocho ku boma la UK mu 1996 ndipo analinganiza ntchito ya pansi pa madzi ndi akuluakulu a ku Greece, anauza Guardian kuti: “Cholinga chathu ndichoti tiyambe ndi zapansi za anthu atatu kapena anayi. Titanic ili m'madzi ozizira a kumpoto kwa Atlantic ndipo ikuwonongeka mofulumira chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amadya chitsulo, m'zaka mazana angapo padzakhala zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika. Koma Britannic ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Amagona m'madzi ofunda, amasungidwa bwino komanso osasunthika modabwitsa. Kwa nthawi yayitali wakhala aphimbidwa ndi mlongo wake wamkulu koma alinso ndi nkhani yakeyake yoti anene.

Ndi ochepa okha omwe amadziwiratu za mphindi zomaliza za nkhaniyi kupatulapo anthu a ku Kea, omwe adathamangira m'mabwato osodza kuti apulumutse madokotala, anamwino ndi ogwira ntchito okwana 1,036 omwe anakhudzidwa ndi ngoziyi.

Wachiwiri kwa meya wa pachilumbachi, Giorgos Euyenikos, anati: “Aliyense kuno akudziwa zimene zinachitika m’maŵa umenewo chifukwa banja lililonse linakhudzidwa mwanjira inayake. Pamene sitimayo inkatsika panali phokoso lalikulu kwambiri ndipo anthu a m’derali anathamangira pamwamba pa chilumbacho kuti akaone zimene zinkachitika.

"Bambo anga anali mnyamata pamene zinkachitika ndipo amakumbukira kuti bambo ake amakumbukira kulira kwa anthu akulira momvetsa chisoni kwambiri pamene amwalira." Koma, mosiyana ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa moyo pa Titanic, anthu 30 okha pa Britannic anafa, mwa zina chifukwa chombocho chinali paulendo wakunja ndipo sichinanyamule odwala.

Koma inali njira ya imfa imeneyo yomwe yasiyanitsa Britannic. Pamene Bartlett anayesa kuphera ngalawayo m’mphepete mwa sitimayo kuphulikako kutabowola ngalawayo, mabwato aŵiri opulumutsira anthu amene anatsitsidwa mosadziŵa analoŵerera m’mabowo a sitimayo omwe anali kukalipirabe ndipo anang’ambika. Onse amene anali m’ngalawa zopulumutsiramo anafa.

Chochitikacho, chofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi a Violet Jessop, namwino wa ku Anglo-Ireland yemwe adapulumuka modabwitsa kuti Titanic idamira, idakhumudwitsa omwe adawona.

Zopangira ma propellers

Jessop analemba m’mabuku ake, omwe anafalitsidwa mu 1997, kuti: “Sipanamveke, ngakhalenso kuwomba kwa mfuti, amuna mazanamazana akuthaŵira m’nyanja monga ngati akuthamangitsidwa ndi adani amene akuwathamangitsa. Exodus, ndipo, modzidzimutsa, ndinawona zopalasa zazikulu za Britannic zikugwedeza ndi kung'amba chilichonse chomwe chili pafupi ndi iwo - amuna, mabwato ndi chirichonse chinali kamvuluvulu kamodzi koopsa."

Anthu asanu okha mwa anthu a ku Britannic amenewa ndi amene anapezekapo.

Mills ananena kuti pokumbukira anthu amene anafera m’ngalawamo, afunika kusamala kwambiri kuti asungitse kukhulupirika kwa ngoziyo.

"Ntchitoyi sikuti ikungokhudza zokopa alendo komanso maphunziro, kusungirako zinthu zakale komanso zofukula zakale zam'madzi," adatero.

Mills akuyembekezanso kutsutsa zina mwa "nthano" zomwe zakhala zikuzungulira dziko la Britannic kwa nthawi yayitali, kuphatikizapo zonena za okhulupirira chiwembu kuti kuwonjezera pa kunyamula anthu ovulala sitimayo inalinso ndi katundu wankhondo kupita ku magulu ankhondo a Allied ku Middle East.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale awonjezera mkanganowo ponena kuti ngalawayo inali ndi torpedo, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wa sonar anachita posachedwapa mu 2003 omwe analimbikitsa chikhulupiriro chakuti ngalawayo inagwetsedwa ndi mgodi womwe unayikidwa ndi boti la Germany U-boat.

"Zambiri zabodza zapanthawi yankhondo zikupitilirabe mpaka pano, makamaka zoneneza zaku Germany kuti Britannic idagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ngati wonyamula gulu lankhondo pomwe idatsika," adatero Mills. "Palibe umboni uliwonse wotsimikizira kuti izi zinali choncho, ndipo tikukhulupirira kuti posachedwapa nthanozi zidzachitikanso."

Mbuyo

Britannic idakhazikitsidwa mu 1914, yachitatu pamayendedwe apanyanja apanyanja a Olimpiki omwe adamangidwa ndi White Star Line ku Harland ndi Wolff's Belfast shipyard. Kukula kwake komanso kukongola kwake kunali kotere poyambilira adatchedwa Gigantic. Mzerawo unakonzanso chombocho kuti chikonze zolakwika zimene zinathandiza kwambiri kuti sitima ya Titanic inamira mu 1912. Analengeza kuti Britannic idzadutsa njira ya Southampton kupita ku New York itanyamula anthu zikwizikwi osamukira kudziko latsopano. Koma nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inalowererapo ndipo, molamulidwa ndi asilikali apamadzi aku Britain, Britannic m'malo mwake inayamba kunyamula anthu ovulala kuchokera ku Gallipoli kampeni ndi madera ena ku Middle East. Anali paulendo wake wachisanu ndi chimodzi wapanyanja pamene tsoka linachitika pa November 21 1916 ndipo chombo chinamira pa Kea, chilumba pafupi ndi Athens. Mkangano wakhala ukupitirirabe ngati sitimayo inagundidwa ndi mgodi kapena torpedo. Akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti idawukiridwa chifukwa idanyamula zida ndipo idangovala ngati sitima yapachipatala.