Zotsatira zatsopano za amuna oyambilira ku Olduvai Gorge

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Olduvai Gorge

Olduvai Gorge ndi malo ofunikira alendo omwe alendo amatha kuphunzira za kusinthika kwa anthu komanso mbiri yakale. Tsambali ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale amakopa alendo am'deralo komanso akunja kuti adzachezere ndi kudzamva momwe zingamvekere kukhala ngati munthu woyambirira.

Gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi la akatswiri ofukula mabwinja ndi akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza zida zazikulu zamiyala zaka XNUMX miliyoni, mafupa osawoneka, ndi zomangira ku Olduvai Gorge kumpoto kwa Tanzania.

Mwala wopezeka kumene ukuwulula kuti anthu oyambilira adagwiritsa ntchito madera osiyanasiyana, akusintha mwachangu ku Africa kuyendetsa moyo wawo wakale padziko lapansi. Chibwenzi kuyambira zaka 2.6 miliyoni zapitazo, zida zomwe zidangotulukidwazo mwina zidapangidwa ndi anthu oyamba. Olduvai Gorge tsopano ndichinsinsi Tanzania malo omwe alendo angaphunzire zakusinthika kwa anthu komanso mbiri yakale.

Malo ofunikira awa akuwulula kuti moyo woyambirira wa anthu umawululira kuti amakhala mosakhalitsa pakati pa nyama zamtchire zoyipa m'malo ovuta aku Africa m'masiku oyambilira akusintha kwaumunthu. Kupeza kwatsopano kumeneku kuphatikiza zida zamiyala ndi zotsalira zazinyama zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidafufuzidwa, zimapereka umboni kuti munthu wakale amakhala limodzi ndi nyama zamtchire mozungulira magwero amadzi.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti malo a geological, sedimentary, ndi zomera asintha mwachangu ku Africa, ndikupereka umboni wakukhalapo kwa anthu oyambilira omwe anali ndi mayendedwe aubwana wapadziko lapansi omwe adayamba kontinentiyi.

Malo okumbapo zakale ku Olduvai ndi malo amatsenga omwe amakopa alendo am'deralo komanso akunja kuti aziyendera ndikumva momwe zingamvekere kukhala ngati munthu wakale kwambiri. Kupezeka kwa Hominid kumatsalira kuyambira zaka 1.75 miliyoni zapitazo.

Tsambali ndi canyon yaying'ono pafupifupi makilomita 41 kumpoto kwa Ngorongoro Crater yotchuka, pomwe akatswiri ofukula mabwinja aku Britain obadwira ku Kenya, Dr.

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Olduvai Gorge ili ndi zotsalira zosungidwa zakale za munthu wakale.

Mary Leakey adazindikira pa Julayi 17, 1959, chigaza cha munthu wakale yemwe adamutcha Zinjanthropus boisei. Kupezeka kwake kwa chigaza cha munthu woyambirira kwambiri Padziko Lapansi kwazaka zopitilira 1.75 miliyoni zapitazo. Mu 1960, Louis Leakey adapeza mafupa a manja ndi miyendo ya munthu wazaka 12 yemwe adamutcha Homo habilis. Dr.Louis Leakey adamwalira mu 1972, koma mkazi wake Mary adapitilizabe kupeza zatsopano ku Olduvai. Mu 1976, Mary adazindikira zoyambira ku Laetoli pafupi ndi Olduvai, kumwera kwa Olduvai Gorge.

Kukumba mokulira ku Olduvai Gorge kunavumbula malo omwe kale anali malo okhala anthu akale, atero a Godfrey Ole Moita, a Cultural Heritage Officer ku Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority.

Tsambali lomwe lili ndi mbiri yakale limayambira pafupifupi makilomita 50 kuchokera ku Nyanja Ndutu mpaka Olbalbal Depression ndipo ndi 90 mita mpaka kumpoto kwa Tanzania. Malo ofukulirako ndi malo ouma owuma, omwe tsopano amaletsedwa ndi akadyamsonga, nyumbu, mbidzi, mbawala, akambuku, ndi mikango mwa apo ndi apo komanso nyama zina zamtchire, kuphatikizapo zokwawa ndi mbalame.

Mafupa amtundu wa Homo omwe amaphatikizapo Homo habilis, Homo erectus, ndi Homo sapiens afukulidwanso ku Olduvai, komanso mafupa ndi zida zamiyala mazana ambiri zomwe zidachitika zaka zopitilira 3 miliyoni zapitazo. Kufukula ndi kufufuza kwa Olduvai kwapangitsa akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi asayansi ena kunena kuti anthu kapena mtundu wa anthu unasinthika ku Africa, monga ananenera Ole-Moita.

Olduvai Gorge Museum ili ndi zakale zakale ndi zida zamiyala zamakolo achikulire kuphatikiza mafupa a nyama zambiri zomwe zidafafanizidwa pamtsinjemo. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi Mary Leakey ndipo idadzipereka pakuyamikira ndikumvetsetsa malo akale a Olduvai Gorge ndi Laetoli. Kupatula zowonetserako zomwe zili mkati mwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, palinso malo akunja ophunzitsira omwe oyang'anira zakale amapereka zonena kwa alendo. Ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, munthu amathanso kukonzekera ulendowu motsogozedwa.

Zolemba zakale zokumbidwa pansi zomwe zidapezeka ku Olduvai Museum zimafotokoza za zotsalira zazaka pafupifupi 4 miliyoni, makamaka kuyambira pomwe anthu adayamba kusintha. Zolemba izi, kuphatikiza zoyambirira za anthu, zidayamba zaka pafupifupi 3.5 miliyoni. Zotsalira zomwe zidasungidwa mu Museum zidayamba zaka 2 miliyoni mpaka 17,000. Pafupifupi mitundu 7,000 yazinyama zomwe zatha zidafukulidwa pachigwacho. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale komanso asayansi ena asintha kuti munthu woyambirira kapena munthu wakale adasamukira ku Olduvai kenako adasamukira kumayiko ena.

Land Rover yakale ya a Mary Leakey kuchokera pamalo ofukulirako tsopano yasungidwa m'nyumbayi. Kuyendera Olduvai Gorge ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndizochitika kwaomwe apaulendo.

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