(eTN) - Posachedwapa, chiwerengero cha anthu aku Africa omwe akupita kutsidya kwa nyanja chawonjezeka kawiri. Kontinenti yonse, West Africa ndi Nigeria makamaka, kulibe banja lopanda membala yemwe amakhala kutsidya kwa nyanja movomerezeka kapena mosaloledwa. M'malo mwake, zakhala chizindikiro cha udindo kukhala ndi wachibale wokhala kutsidya lanyanja. Kumadzulo kwa Africa konse ndi ku Nigeria, mabanja ambiri amakhala makamaka ndi ndalama zochokera kunja.
Zowonadi, zopereka za anthuwa ku chuma cha mayiko awo, makamaka zotumiza kunja zikukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, lipoti lotulutsidwa posachedwapa ndi Banki Yaikulu ya Nigeria (CBN) imasonyeza kuti anthu a ku Nigeria omwe ali kunja kwa Diaspora adapereka $ 8 biliyoni mu theka loyamba la chaka chino chokha. Chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kuwirikiza kawiri pofika Disembala 2007.
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, anthu aku Africa adapemphedwa kapena kunyengedwa kuti apite kutsidya la nyanja kuti akaphunzire maphunziro akumadzulo. Izi n’zimene zinachitika zaka zisanayambe komanso pambuyo pa ufulu wodzilamulira pamene mayiko atsopano omwe ankafuna anthu oti ayendetse zinthu zawo ankapereka maphunziro kwa achinyamata a ku Africa kuno.
Masiku ano, zinthu zasintha. Khomo lopita kumaiko a Kumadzulo sililinso udindo wa anthu ophunzira a ku Africa kuno, koma kwa aliyense amene angakwanitse kulipira mtengowo. Ndizodziwika bwino ku West Africa konse kuti ndalama ndi chuma sizimakula m'misewu ya ku Europe, koma mwayi wochuluka womwe ukusoweka ku Africa kwa anthu aluso komanso osaphunzira. Ndithudi, mkhalidwe wovuta wa zachuma ndiwo chinthu chachikulu chimene chikusonkhezera achichepere ambiri a mu Afirika kusamuka zivute zitani ndipo oŵerengeka amene apambanawo akukhala moyo wabwinopo kuposa awo a kwawo.
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, anthu osaphunzira a ku West Africa akhala akuyenda mwaufulu ku Ulaya chifukwa cha zachuma, ndi Spain, Italy ndi Malta monga malo osankhidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi omwe adasamutsidwa ndi nkhondo ndi zovuta m'malo ngati Liberia, Sierra Leone komanso posachedwa ku Cote d'Ivoire.
Ambiri mwa apaulendowa, omwe sangathe kupeza ma visa mwachindunji kuchokera ku akazembe a mayiko akumadzulo, tsopano akutembenukira kuchipululu ndi nyanja. Poyika chilichonse pachiwopsezo, akukhulupirira kuti European Union pansi pa dongosolo la Schengen sakuwafuna motero maboma awo sangathe kupereka zofunika pamoyo. Zotsatira zake, asankha kusamukira kumayiko omwe akuwona kuti ali ndi malo oyenera kuti onse omwe angafune kulota.
Gulu latsopano la anthu osamukira kudziko lina, amuna ndi akazi, ali akalipentala, omanga njerwa, amakanika, ndi ena opanda ntchito iliyonse. Malinga ndi kunena kwa ofesi ya kazembe wa dziko la Nigeria ku Spain, mwa anthu 18,000 a ku Nigeria kumeneko, pafupifupi 10,000 a iwo satha kuŵerenga kapena kulemba Chingelezi, chinenero cha boma cha Nigeria chifukwa chakuti analibe maphunziro amtundu uliwonse. Zomwezi zikugwiranso ntchito ku Ghana, Senegal, Mali ndi Cameroon omwe ndi mayiko akuluakulu omwe amasamukira ku West Africa.
Anthu ambiri osamukira ku Africa omwe masiku ano amaonedwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachitetezo ku Europe ndi anthu omwe adachita zovuta kupita ku Europe. Amalipira ndalama zambiri kuti apeze ma visa kapena kulowa m'misewu yosiyanasiyana ndi njira zapanyanja. Kuti ayambe ulendowu, ambiri anagulitsa malo awo kapena kutenga ngongole zomwe ziyenera kubwezedwa panthaŵi yake. Kulephera kwawo kubweza ngongolezo kaŵirikaŵiri kunatanthauza zotulukapo zowopsa kwa mabanja awo kwawo. Kuti apewe ngozi imeneyi, othawa kwawo nthawi zambiri amakakamizika kulowa munjira yomwe imatchedwa 'fast lane' mu Africa; zigawenga, uhule komanso kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Osamukira kumayiko ena osaloledwa, osaphunzira ndipo makamaka opanda ntchito iliyonse amapeza kukhala kovuta kuphatikiza. Amayang’anizana ndi mavuto a chinenero ndi chikhalidwe, motero kupangitsa kuti kusamvana kukhale kovuta, kapena kosatheka.
Mosasamala kanthu za chiwopsezo cha kuikidwa m’ndende, kusankhana mitundu, chotchinga cha chikhalidwe ndi mkhalidwe wa nzika ya gulu lachiŵiri m’maiko ena akunja, ambiri akadali osamvera, akuyamba ulendo wowongolera mkhalidwe wawo wachuma.
Kusamuka kwa anthu aku Africa masauzande ambiri kukuchititsa chipwirikiti ku European Union. Izi zafika povuta kwambiri pakampeni zachisankho pomwe zipani zina zikufuna kuchitapo kanthu pofuna kuthana ndi kusefukira kwa anthu obwera.
Mphekesera zomwe zikuzungulira kuti mabwato angapo oyendayenda akuyang'ana mwadala ndikumiza mabwato a anthu osamukira kumayiko ena osaloledwa ngati njira yowalepheretsa kufika ku Ulaya komanso kuwulula kwaposachedwa kwa nkhanza za ana aku Africa ku Canary Islands sikungathetse vutoli. Kupatula kuwononga mbiri ya EU ngati bungwe lodalirika, idzakweza anthu kuti ayese ulendowu.
Ndi kulephera kwa zomwe tatchulazi, EU yawonjezeranso kukakamiza Libya ndi Morocco kuti ikhale yolimba kwa omwe akuwoneka kuti akusamukira ku Africa powachitira nkhanza komanso ndi cholinga chowalefula kuti ayambe ulendo wodutsa m'chipululu ndi kupita ku Ulaya.
Ngakhale kuti dziko la Morocco nthawi zambiri limakana kuchotsa anthu ambiri aku Nigeria, Libya ngakhale kuti Pan Africanism ikupitirizabe kuchotsa anthu aku Africa mosasamala. Pali umboni woonekeratu wochitira nkhanza anthu osamukira ku Africa, ambiri otsekeredwa m'matumba akuluakulu ndi matumba ndikutayidwa m'nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi chitetezo cha Libya ndi a Libyan wamba.
Kuti kukhale dziko lotetezeka ku Europe, ntchito ndi chithandizo ziyenera kuperekedwa kumagulu awa a anthu kuti awakope kuti asamachite zigawenga ku Europe konse. Momwemonso, kufunikira kwa visa ya Schengen kuyenera kukhala komasuka, ngati Europe ikufuna kuti anthu obwera kuchokera ku Africa asamavutike.
Zikhale momwe zingakhalire, kaya aluso kapena opanda luso, ena mwaubongo ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri achoka ku kontinenti kukafunafuna moyo wabwino kutsidya lanyanja potero akupanga kusoweka muzochita zathu zonse zaumunthu.
Atsogoleri aku Africa ali ndi udindo woyendetsa ndege zazikulu za anthu kunja kwa dziko. Palibe kutsutsa kuti moyo ku Africa ndi wonyansa, waufupi komanso wankhanza. Kukhazikika pazandale, chitetezo cha moyo ndi katundu, zomangamanga zapamwamba, mwayi wokwaniritsa maloto ake ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimakopa anthu aku Africa ku Europe, America ndi Asia.
Kukhazikitsa malo abwino sikungothetsa vutoli komanso kulimbikitsa anthu a ku Africa kuno kumayiko akunja kuti abwerere kwawo kuti akafotokozere za maikowa.
[Mwayi George ndi eturbonews kazembe ku Nigeria komanso wofalitsa www.travelafricanews.com. Ndiwopambana pa European Commission 2006 Lorenzo Natali Prize for Journalists Reporting Human Rights and Democracy.]
