SINGAPORE - Ndichizindikiro chakusintha kwanthawi zaulendo wandege kuti pomwe ndege yonyamula ndege zapamwamba kwambiri ku Japan Airlines (JAL) inali kusungitsa ndalama mwezi watha, kampani yaku Singapore ya Tiger Airways inali kugulitsa magawo ake kwa anthu kuti afunefune kuti katundu wake awonongeke. olembetsedwa mochulukira ka 21 pamisika yamisika yamzindawu.
Kukwera kwamitengo yamafuta, kufunikira kwapaulendo pakugwa kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi, komanso vuto la chimfine cha H1N1 chaka chatha, zonse zidapanga chiwembu motsutsana ndi onyamula ntchito zonse m'derali (FSCs), zomwe zidapangitsa ambiri kudula njira ndikuchepetsa antchito - kapena, pankhani ya JAL, kugwa ndi kuwotcha chifukwa cha ngongole zazikulu.
JAL, ngakhale kuti inali vuto lalikulu, siinali yokha m'gulu la makampani onyamula katundu ku Asia omwe akukumana ndi vuto lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Singapore Airlines (SIA), yomwe ndi ndege yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pamtengo wamsika, chaka chatha idachepetsa mphamvu zake ndi 11%, idachedwetsa kutumiza ndege zatsopano zisanu ndi zitatu za Airbus, kuchepetsa malipiro a antchito ndi maola ogwirira ntchito - ndipo idatayabe S$428 miliyoni (US$304). miliyoni) m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya chaka chandalama, kuyimira kutayika koyamba kobwerezabwereza kotala komwe kumachitika ndi wonyamula wamkulu pazaka zopitilira zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Thai Airways idawononganso kwambiri katundu wocheperako komanso kusawongolera bwino kwapamwamba, kudzetsa nkhawa kuti wonyamulira dziko lomwe kale anali wonyada atha kusokoneza JAL popanda kukonzanso ntchito zake. Garuda waku Indonesia adakakamizika kuyimitsa mapulani ake chaka chatha kuti alembetse pamsika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachuma.
Potengera chikhalidwe chomvetsa chisonichi, onyamula zinthu zotsika mtengo ku Asia (LCCs) agwiritsa ntchito vuto lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi ngati mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopeza msika ndikuphatikiza malo awo oyendetsa ndege opambana. Chiyembekezo chimenecho chinawonekera pamsonkhano wamakampani mwezi uno ku Singapore, pomwe akuluakulu angapo a LCC adalankhula za phindu lodziwika bwino, mapulani otukuka komanso mindandanda yamisika yamsika.
Ma LCC adapanga 15.7% ya msika wapaulendo waku Asia chaka chatha, kapena pansi pamipando imodzi pamipando isanu ndi umodzi yogulitsidwa mderali, malinga ndi Center for Asia Pacific Aviation. Izi zidakwera kuchokera pa 14% yokha mu 2008 ndipo zikupitilirabe kukwera kuchokera ku 1.1% yokha ya LCC yomwe idawerengedwa mu 2001. Zopindulitsa zamsika, akatswiri akuti, zabwera chifukwa cha ndalama zandege zomwe zimakwera kwambiri.
Ma LCC achita zambiri kuposa kusintha chuma chamakampani; achitapo kanthu mwachangu posintha zomwe amakonda komanso zomwe amakonda. Mchaka cha 2008, kutsika kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi kunachitika, apaulendo aku Asia adatsika kwambiri pamipando yapamwamba ndikufunafuna mitengo yotsika kwambiri.
Ndege zamtengo wapatali, zambiri zolemedwa ndi zotsika mtengo zokhazikika komanso ngongole zambiri, sizinachedwe kuyankha pakusinthako ndipo chifukwa chake adataya mpikisano wa nimbler LCC. Mwa zina, ndichifukwa choti ma LCC amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana pazachuma komanso zachuma.
Tony Davies, yemwe ndi mkulu wa kampani ya Tiger Airways ya ku Singapore yomwe yatchulidwa posachedwapa, akuti ndege yake yatsatira njira ya Walmart wogulitsa malonda ku US: "[LCCs] ndi ogulitsa," adatero. "Bizinesi yathu ndikugulitsa mipando."
Monga ma LCC ambiri am'madera, Tiger Airways yachepetsa mtengo pochotsa zoseweretsa, kuphatikiza zakudya zapabwalo ndi zowerengera zapamtunda. Ma LCC akhala akuyenda maola anayi kapena ocheperapo, zomwe zimawathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lomwelo pobwereranso tsiku lomwelo. Izi zalola kuti ma LCC alembe antchito ochepa ndikupewa ndalama zambiri zokhala ndi anthu ogwira ntchito usiku wonse.
Ma LCC ambiri amasunganso zombo zofananira, ndipo ambiri amatumiza mtundu umodzi wa jet, womwe umagwira ntchito bwino ndi mafuta, monga Airbus 320 kapena Boeing 787. Izi zimawalola kupulumutsa pakukonza, zida zosinthira ndi ndalama zophunzitsira. Mitengo yotereyi ikatsika, ma LCC amatha kulipiritsa mitengo yotsika kwambiri kuposa ndege zokwera ndege popanda kuwononga, makamaka pakagwa mavuto.
Ma LCC apezanso njira zopangira zopezera ndalama zosakhudzana ndi matikiti. Odziwika pamapepala awo ngati ndalama "zowonjezera", ma LCC ena apindula pochotsa zinthu ndi ntchito zomwe zimalola okwera kuti asankhe ndikulipira zomwe akufuna. Lim Kim Hai, wapampando wamkulu wa bungwe la ndege la Regional Express ku Australia, akunena za njira yophatikizira ngati "phindu popanda ululu".
Atha kusonkhanitsidwa pongolipiritsa kasanu mtengo wachakudya chomwe mwasankha, kapena kudzera m'malumikizano apamwamba kwambiri ndi makampani a inshuwaransi omwe amalola ma LCC kuti azitolera nthawi iliyonse wokwera akagula inshuwaransi yoyendera ndi tikiti yawo.
Mpainiya wa LCC AirAsia posachedwa adakhazikitsa dipatimenti yapadera yazachuma ndi kukhulupirika kuti athe kulumikizana ndi mabanki ndi mahotela kuti apereke makhadi angongole, mitengo yazipinda zapadera zamahotelo ndi ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi maulendo. "Motere timapeza ndalama zathu komanso timakhala okhulupilika kwa ofalitsa athu," atero mkulu wa dipatimenti ya AirAsia a Johan Aris Ibrahim.
Malo atsopano apamlengalenga
Bungwe la International Air Transport Association (IATA), bungwe la zamakampani, linanena pamsonkhano waposachedwapa wa ndege ku Singapore kuti dera la Asia-Pacific lagonjetsa North America monga msika waukulu kwambiri wapaulendo wapadziko lonse, ndipo mu 647 munali anthu 2009 miliyoni. anthu opitilira 638 miliyoni omwe adakwera ndege zamalonda chaka chatha ku North America.
Msika waukulu ku Asia ndi China, koma chigawo chakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia chilinso ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ndi msika wophatikiza wa anthu 600 miliyoni kuphatikiza anthu. Ofufuza zamakampani akuwona kuti anthu ambiri m'derali sanafikebe pa ndege ndipo pamitengo yapano mwina sangakwanitse kukhala pa ndege yogwira ntchito zonse.
Ili ndi gawo lomwelo la msika lomwe silinasungidwe bwino lomwe akuluakulu a LCC amati lili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu, makamaka ngati ndalama zomwe anthu am'derali amapeza zikukwera momwe akuyembekezeredwa. Pamene AirAsia ya ku Malaysia idachita upainiya woyendera bajeti kudera mu 2001, 6% yokha ya aku Malaysia adawuluka pandege. Pansi pa mawu akuti "Tsopano aliyense atha kuwuluka", wonyamula bajeti nthawi zambiri amapereka mitengo yotsika kuposa mabasi ena.
"Ma LCC asinthadi momwe anthu amayendera," atero a Kris Lim, wothandizana nawo wa director of the Pacific Asia Travel Association's Strategic Intelligence Center ku Bangkok. "Amapatsa mphamvu kuyenda kwa achinyamata ambiri omwe alibe ndalama zoyendera kapena anthu osauka omwe sangakwanitse kulipirira onyamula ntchito zonse."
Kuchepetsa kwaposachedwa kwa mlengalenga ku Southeast Asia kwapangitsa kuti bizinesiyo ipikisane kwambiri pamitengo pambuyo pazaka makumi angapo za mgwirizano pakati pa onyamula mbendera. Mwachitsanzo, njira ya Malaysia-Singapore, idatsegulidwa posachedwa kuti ipikisane pambuyo poti SIA ndi Malaysia Airlines alamulira njirayi kwa zaka zopitilira 35.
Mayendedwe aduopolistic adapangitsa kuti pakhale imodzi mwanjira zodula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi paulendo wa mphindi 55, ndipo mitengo ya matikiti imapitilira US$400. Ma LCC tsopano akupereka ndalama zokwana kotala la ndalamazo komanso pafupipafupi kwambiri. AirAsia imayenda pakati pa Kuala Lumpur ndi Singapore pafupifupi kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku.
Kumasulidwa kwina kwa msika kuli m'njira kudzera ku Southeast Asia komwe kumatchedwa Open Sky Agreement, yomwe iyamba kugwira ntchito pofika chaka cha 2015 ndipo ikuyembekezeka kupindulitsa ma LCC am'deralo. Mgwirizanowu udzalola oyendetsa ndege a m'madera kuti apange maulendo apandege opanda malire kwa mamembala onse a 10 Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) ndipo akulonjeza kulimbikitsa zokopa alendo, malonda ndi ndalama pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar , Philippines, Singapore, Thailand ndi Vietnam.
Ngakhale kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizanowu mosakayikira kudzakumana ndi zodandaula zoteteza chitetezo, akatswiri amakampani akukhulupirira kuti njira yochepetsera malamulo ikuyenda bwino. Nduna ya Zamayendedwe ku Singapore a Raymond Lim mwezi uno adapempha kuti pakhale mpikisano wokwera ndege zam'deralo. "Ulamuliro womasuka ungapangitsenso kuti pakhale mwayi wokulirapo kwachuma padziko lonse," adatero.
Sizikudziwikabe ngati kutseguka kwakukulu kupangitsa kuti anthu ambiri olowera m'msika wandege achuluke, kutengera mbiri yamakampani ambiri okwera ndege. Lipoti laposachedwa lochokera ku Center for Asia Pacific Aviation ku Sydney limaneneratu kugwirizana kwamakampani am'tsogolo pakati pa osewera ang'onoang'ono, ambiri omwe amalosera kuti adzakakamizika kuphatikiza kapena kutseka pamene mpikisano ukuwotcha.
"Ndege ndi makampani opikisana kwambiri ndipo, mosiyana ndi mabanki, kugwirizanitsa kapena kugwirizanitsa pakati pa LCCs nthawi zonse kumakhala kotheka chifukwa cha mpikisano wothamanga," anatero Ng Sem Guan, katswiri wofufuza za ndege pa kafukufuku wa OSK wa Kuala Lumpur.
Pakadali pano, ma LCC ambiri akulipira mwamphamvu kuti akope ogula, kuphatikiza apaulendo olipira kwambiri, kutali ndi anzawo omwe ali ndi mavuto azachuma. Kumbali imeneyi, Chong Pit Lian, mkulu wa bungwe la Jetstar Asia, akuti mitengo yotsika mtengo ya LCCs ikutanthauza kuti apaulendo amakampani amatha kuwuluka pafupipafupi kuti akakumane ndi anzawo padziko lonse lapansi ndikutumiza antchito ang'onoang'ono kuti akaphunzire zambiri ndi zina.
Enanso akufuna kuti alowe m'malo oyenda maulendo ataliatali, kuphatikiza maulendo apandege ochokera ku Asia kupita ku Europe pamitengo yotsika kwambiri yomwe sinachitikepo. Chaka chatha, AirAsia X yaku Malaysia idayambitsa maulendo ataliatali kuchokera kuderali kupita ku London ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka ndalama zomwe ndege zimalipira.
Ngati, monga momwe amayembekezeredwa, ma LCC ena amatsatira kutsogola kwa AirAsia X kwa nthawi yayitali, mpikisano wowonjezereka udzapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi ngongole komanso otayika omwe ali ndi ngongole m'deralo kuti apange malo otayika, akatswiri amakampani akuti.
"Nthawi zonse padzakhala msika wonyamula katundu wamtengo wapatali kwa apaulendo omwe ali okonzeka kubweza katundu ndi ntchito zabwino," adatero wofufuza Ng. "Koma kumapeto kwa tsiku kupulumuka kwa ndege kudzadalira kasamalidwe ka ndalama zawo."
