Kuwonongeka kwa mabanki, kukonzanso, kuchepetsedwa kwa malipiro ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa maulendo a ndege ndi ndondomeko zimayenera kuchepetsera ndalama pa ndege zakale kuti athe kukwanitsa kufanana ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo yoperekedwa ndi onyamula otsika mtengo.
Sizinakhale choncho. "Kusiyana kwamitengo" pakati pa omwe amati ndi ndege zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwazaka zambiri komanso onyamula otsika mtengo kwatsala, malinga ndi kusanthula kwatsopano kuchokera kwa mlangizi Oliver Wyman. M'kupita kwanthawi, izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ndege zakale zigwirizane ndi mitengo yotsika kwambiri.
“Ndinkayembekezera china chake. Ndinkayembekezera kuchepa kwa kusiyana, "atero Andrew Watterson, mnzake wa Oliver Wyman, gawo la Marsh & McLennan Cos.
M'malo mwake, zonyamulira zotsika mtengo zatha kuchepetsa ndalama zawo mokulira momwe opikisana nawo amayesera kuti agwire. Anakhalabe ndi mwayi kuposa makampani akuluakulu a ndege, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziwuluka mipando pamtengo wotsika kusiyana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Amakhalanso ndi mwayi wokwera mtengo: Ngakhale kuti malipiro achepetsedwa, ndege zakale zimakhala ndi antchito apamwamba kwambiri.
"Kwambiri ndi mtengo wa ndege yakale," akutero Douglas Parker, wamkulu wa US Airways Group Inc., yemwe kampani yake ndi yophatikiza ndege zaposachedwa, US Airways, ndi yoyambira, America West Airlines. "Kum'maŵa" kwa kampaniyo - US Airways yoyambirira - woyendetsa ndege aliyense ali pamwamba pamlingo wolipira.
"Sizili choncho ku JetBlue kapena AirTran kapena Kumwera chakumadzulo," akutero Bambo Parker. "Ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kuli kofanana, mtengo wa oyendera alendo ndi wosiyana."
Kwa ogula, kutsika mtengo kwaukali pamakampani oyendetsa ndege kwatulutsa nthawi yayitali yamitengo yotsika kwambiri. Pochepetsa mtengo komanso kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, oyendetsa ndege adzipanga kuti athe kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwachuma. Kuyambira pomwe kufunikira kwatsika, apereka mitengo yotsika mtengo koma sanachite kuthamangira ku makhothi osowa ndalama kuti atetezedwe, monga momwe ndege zambiri zimachitira m'mbuyomu. Kuyika pa chindapusa cha chilichonse kuyambira kusungitsa zikwama mpaka kuwombola matikiti owuluka pafupipafupi kwathandizanso.
Izi zitha kusintha chifukwa cha kusiyana kwamitengo kosalekeza, komwe kumatha kulekanitsa ndege zomwe zitha kukhala ndi moyo popereka matikiti otsika mtengo kwa omwe asowa ndalama. Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, kuyenda kwamphamvu kwamabizinesi komanso kufunikira kwa matikiti okwera pamaulendo apadziko lonse lapansi kunapatsa ndege zotsika mtengo ndalama zokwanira kuthana ndi kusiyana kwamitengo. Koma kutsika kwachuma kwasokoneza maulendo abizinesi okwera mtengo, ndikusiya ndege zotsika mtengo kupikisana mwachindunji ndi otsika mtengo kwa okwera otsika mtengo.
Tangoganizirani za Canada, komwe Air Canada yomwe inali pampando idakonzedwanso mu 2004, koma sinathe kutsitsa mtengo wake ngati wa WestJet Airlines Ltd., mpikisano wake wotsika mtengo. Tsopano Air Canada ikulimbana; ngongole yake ya $400 miliyoni idayimitsidwa kumapeto kwatha. Chief Executive Montie Brewer adasiya ntchito sabata yatha, ndipo ngongole zazikulu ndi penshoni zikubwera kumapeto kwa chaka chino.
Oyendetsa ndege amayezera mtengo wagawo ndi ndalama zake pozifalitsa pamtunda wamakilomita ampando - mpando uliwonse umayenda mtunda wa kilomita imodzi. Mu kotala lachitatu chaka chatha, mitengo yamafuta ikadali yokwera, ndalama zomwe AMR Corp.'s American, Delta Air Lines Inc., Continental Airlines Inc., Northwest Airlines Corp., UAL Corp.'s United ndi US Airways zidakwera. Masenti 12.46 pa mile yapampando, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Oliver Wyman, pomwe ndalama zinali masenti 14.68 pa mile yapampando pa avareji. Pa mtunda uliwonse, ndegezo zinali kutaya ndalama.
Avereji ya Frontier Airlines Holdings Inc., AirTran Holdings Inc., JetBlue Airways Corp. ndi Southwest Airlines Co. inasonyeza mmene ndege zotsika mtengo zimayendera bwino. Avereji ya ndalama pa mile ya mpando inali masenti 10.92, kungoposa mtengo wapakati wa masenti 10.87 pa kilomita imodzi. Avereji yamitengo yamakampani onyamula katundu chaka chatha inali yokwera ndi 35% kuposa mtengo wapakati wa onyamula otsika mtengo.
Mu 2003, pamene ndege zikuyamba kukonzanso kwakukulu, Oliver Wyman adapeza kuti ndege zotsika mtengo zinali ndi mwayi "wotsika mtengo" kuposa ndege zamtundu wa 2.7 cent pa kilomita imodzi. Chaka chatha, kusiyana kunali 3.8 senti pa mpando wa kilomita. M'machulukitsidwe, kusiyana kwakhalabe komweku m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi - mtengo wandege wanthawi zonse wakhala, pafupifupi, 23% mpaka 27% kuposa ndege zotsika mtengo pa mile imodzi.
Ngakhale kuchotsa mafuta poyerekezera ndi kusokoneza ubwino Kumwera chakumadzulo ali chifukwa cha mipanda mafuta - anagulidwa pamene mitengo mafuta anali otsika amene anapulumutsa kampani mabiliyoni a madola - sizikusintha mtengo kusiyana kwenikweni. Zina mwa kusiyana kwa mtengo sikungalephereke. Ntchito zazikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri (komanso ndalama zambiri). Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zogwirira ntchito komanso zida zambiri ndipo sizigwira ntchito bwino chifukwa ndege ndi antchito amakhala motalikirapo ndipo zipata zimatha kukhala zopanda kanthu. Ndege zotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri zimapewa kulumikiza makasitomala kudzera m'malo akuluakulu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda kanthu ndikudzazanso ndege pansi mwachangu kwambiri.
Kulipira kwamakampani okwera ndege akuyenera kukhala ndalama zambiri. Ndege zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi zimakopa okwera ndalama zamakampani, mwachitsanzo, ndipo maukonde ambiri amapangitsa mwayi wolumikizana ndi okwera ambiri. Izi zagwira ntchito bwino kwa oyendetsa ndege pamene chuma chili cholimba ndipo apaulendo amalonda akulipira ndalama zambiri za matikiti. David Barger, wamkulu wa JetBlue Airways, akuti mitengo yamafuta okwera chaka chatha idachulutsa ndege zandege ndikupangitsa zonyamulira zonse kukhala zonyamulira zotsika mtengo. Iye anati: “Mafuta atachuluka, zinthu zinatitayitsa mwayi. "Pamene idatsika, anyamata otsika mtengo adapezanso mwayi wathu."
Chinsinsi chochepetsera ndalama, akuti, ndikukula - malo ena omwe onyamula zotsika mtengo amakhala ndi malire. Ndege zomwe zimakula zimawonjezera ndege zatsopano zomwe zilibe ndalama zambiri zokonzetsera kapena zovuta zodalirika. Ndege zomwe zikukula zimalemba antchito pansi pamiyeso yamalipiro. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ndege zomwe zikucheperachepera zimakhala zovuta kuti achepetse mtengo wamagetsi. Atha kuyimitsa ndege koma amayenera kulipirabe. Angakhale akulipira lendi pazipata za eyapoti ndi malo owerengera omwe sagwiritsanso ntchito. Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zitha kufalikira pa okwera ochepa, kukweza mtengo wakampani pa wokwera aliyense.
Magalimoto otsika mtengo akhala akugwira mosalekeza kuchuluka kwa maulendo apandege, kunyamula 26% ya apaulendo apanyumba mu 2003 ndi 31% pofika 2007, malinga ndi lipoti la Raymond James & Associates Inc.. Maulendo a ndege omwe adakhalapo adatsika kuchoka pa 56% ya okwera mu 2003 kufika 48% mu 2007.
