IATA: Zosintha Zaposachedwa mu FlyNetZero pofika 2050

IATA yalengeza kuti pepala lake laposachedwa kwambiri pa SAF likupezeka, kuyitanitsa zolimbikitsa zamphamvu kuti ziwonjezere kutumizidwa kwa SAF kumakampani onse. Ndondomeko ya boma ili ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyika kwa SAF ndi IATA imalimbikitsa ndondomeko zomwe zimagwirizana m'mayiko ndi mafakitale, pamene teknoloji ndi feedstock agnostic. Zolimbikitsa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufulumizitsa kutumiza kwa SAF. Popeza SAF ili koyambirira kwa chitukuko cha msika, maudindo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ali mbali imodzi ya njira zowonjezereka zowonjezera kupanga SAF ndikuphatikizidwa ndi mapulogalamu olimbikitsa omwe amathandizira ukadaulo, kukwera ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wamagulu.

Mu EU, pansi pa European Green Deal lamulo latsopano linavomerezedwa kuti lichepetse mpweya wa ndege polimbikitsa SAF. Mgwirizanowu ukuwonetsa gawo lofunikira komanso lanthawi yake lofunikira kuti akwaniritse zolinga zazikulu za njira ya decarbonization yomwe gawoli ladzipereka. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu za mgwirizano ndi izi:

• Kukhazikitsa malamulo oti akwezedwe osachepera SAF pa ma eyapoti a EU a 2% pofika 2025, 6% pofika 2030 ndi 20% pofika 2035, mpaka 70% pofika 2050. Mwa ndalama izi, 1.2% mu 2030, ndi 5% mu 2035 iyenera kukhala mphamvu yamadzimadzi (PtL) kapena E-Fuels, ikukwera mpaka 35% pofika 2050.

• Chofunikira kuti bungweli lipereke lipoti pofika chaka cha 2024 za kuthekera kwa dongosolo la Book and Claim (B&C) kuti makampani a ndege aziyang'anira kuperekedwa kwa SAF m'njira yosinthika ku EU.

• Kuyitanitsa mayiko kuti atsatire lamulo limodzi la EU SAF ndikupewa kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu za SAF za mdziko.

Kwina konse ku Europe, a Norwegian adagwirizana ndi Norsk e-Fuel kuti apange fakitale yokhazikika yamafuta ku Mosjoen. Pansi pa mgwirizanowu, wonyamulirayo akufuna kuti achotse mafuta kwanthawi yayitali komanso gawo la kampaniyo. Anthu aku Norway akukonzekera kuteteza 20% ya zomwe akufuna ku SAF mpaka 2030 kudzera mumgwirizano. Wizz Air yasaina mgwirizano ndi kampani yaku Spain yamphamvu ya Cepsa kuti ipereke mafuta oyendetsa ndege kuchokera ku 2025, kupatsa Wizz Air mwayi wogula SAF kuchokera ku Cepsa kuti iperekedwe panjira yodutsa ndege ku Spain kuyambira 2025. Ryanair alengeza mgwirizano ndi Neste Holland ipanga mphamvu pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a maulendo ake apandege ku Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AMS) ndi 40% SAF yophatikizika. Repsol ndi Ryanair asayina mgwirizano wolimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ongowonjezedwa ku Spain ndi Portugal.

Ku Canada, Airbus Canada, Pratt & Whitney Canada, ndi SAF + Consortium adalengeza njira yatsopano yogwirira ntchito pa SAF ya m'badwo wotsatira, mothandizidwa ndi Boma la Quebec. Magawo ofunikira a mgwirizano akuphatikizapo kufufuza ndi kuyesa kwa SAF, kuphatikizapo kuyesa kuthawa kwa 100% SAF pa ndege ya Airbus A220 yoyendetsedwa ndi injini za Pratt & Whitney GTF. Ntchitoyi iphatikizanso maphunziro otheka kuti akhazikitse malo opangira ma e-SAF amagetsi ku Quebec. Neste ndi Air Canada akukulitsa mgwirizano wawo ndi ndalama zina zokwana magaloni 2.5 miliyoni (malita 9.5 miliyoni kapena matani 7,500) a SAF, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu maulendo a ndege kuchokera ku San Francisco International Airport. Akadali ku Canada, Raven SR ndi Cap Clean Energy alengeza mgwirizano ku Canadian SAF ndi mapulojekiti ongowonjezera a dizilo.

Ku US, Delta igula mpaka magaloni 10 miliyoni a SAF kuchokera ku Shell Aviation kwa zaka ziwiri kuti agwiritse ntchito pamalo ake pa Los Angeles International Airport. United Airlines yalengeza za ndalama zokwana $15 miliyoni ku Svante, kampani yaku Canada yomwe imagwira ntchito mwaukadaulo wojambula ndi kuchotsa mpweya. Svante imapereka zida ndi ukadaulo monga gawo la unyolo wamtengo wapatali womwe ungathe kusintha CO2 kuchotsedwa mumlengalenga komanso kuchokera kuzinthu zotulutsa mafakitale kupita ku SAF. Ku Pacific Northwest, Washington State University ndi Snohomish County agwirizana kuti apange malo opangira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chamafuta okhazikika oyendetsa ndege. Bungwe la SAF Applied Research and Development Center la $6.5 miliyoni lidzapereka kuyesa mafuta, kumaliza mafuta komanso malo osungira mafuta. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, makampani kuphatikiza Bank of America, Boom Supersonic, Boston Consulting Group, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Meta ndi RMI yopanda phindu yopanda phindu alumikizana limodzi kudzera mu Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance (SABA) kuti agule ziphaso za SAF pamlingo pafupifupi pafupifupi. 850,000 magaloni a high-integrity SAF opangidwa ndi World Energy ndikuthandizira ndege za JetBlue, kuchepetsa matani pafupifupi 8,500 a CO2 pa moyo wonse. Mchitidwewu udzalimbitsa kufunikira kwa makasitomala oyendetsa ndege akutumiza kumsika wa SAF.

Ku Mexico, kampani yotsika mtengo ya Viva Aerobus yavomera kugula malita 1m a SAF kuchokera ku Neste. Mafutawa adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndege za Viva Aerobus kuchokera ku Los Angeles kupita ku Guadalajara, Mexico City ndi Monterrey.

Ku Asia, Cathay Pacific adalengeza mgwirizano ndi State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC) kuti apange SAF supply chain ku China kupyolera mu zomera zinayi zatsopano za SAF pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ndi mphamvu yamadzimadzi. Zomerazi zikuyembekezeka kutumizidwa pakati pa 2024 ndi 2026, ndipo chilichonse chizitha kupanga matani 50,000 mpaka 100,000 a SAF pachaka. Ku Japan, All Nippon Airways (ANA), kwa nthawi yoyamba adavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito SAF yomwe idaphatikizidwa ku Japan motsogozedwa ndi bungwe la Civil Aviation Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) . ANA idzagula SAF yosakanikirana kuchokera ku ITOCHU Corporation ndipo idzagwiritsa ntchito mafuta pa ndege za ANA zapadziko lonse ndi zapanyumba kuchokera ku eyapoti ya Haneda ndi Narita. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, Honeywell ndi Oriental Energy Company Ltd. analengeza pamodzi kuti malo opanga SAF omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotulutsa matani 1 miliyoni pachaka adzamangidwa ku Maoming, Province la Guangdong ku China.

Pulasitiki Yogwiritsa Ntchito Imodzi

Aéroports de Montreal' yalengeza ndondomeko yatsopano yochotsa mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, monga ziwiya, zotengera zakudya, makapu ndi matumba. Mapulasitikiwa sapezekanso m'malo olandilidwa komanso malo ochezera a VIP pabwalo la ndege la Montréal-Trudeau International.

Air India yalengeza kuti yachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kamodzi kokha ndi pafupifupi 80% m'ndege zonse padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchepetsaku kwatheka chifukwa cha khama lopitilira motsogozedwa ndi gulu la akatswiri apanyumba komanso kuthandizidwa ndi othandizira operekera zakudya komanso mavenda angapo, ndi cholinga chopitiliza kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe kwa wonyamulayo.

Ndege zamagetsi

Northvolt yaku Sweden idawulula pulogalamu yachitukuko yamabatire oyendetsa ndege. Wothandizira wa Northvolt a Cuberg adavumbulutsa pulogalamu yatsopano yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipange ma batire apamwamba kwambiri omwe azitha kuyendetsa ndege zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika. Cuberg atsogolere pulogalamuyi kudzera pakupanga ndi kupanga njira zothetsera makampani oyendetsa ndege potengera luso lake laukadaulo la batri la lithiamu.

Ndege

Air India yasaina mgwirizano ndi KSU Aviation kuti ikhazikitse ntchito za TaxiBot ku eyapoti ya Delhi ndi Bengaluru pa Airbus A320 Banja la ndege. Mgwirizanowu umagwirizana ndi kudzipereka kwa Air India kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya wake, popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa TaxiBots kumafuna kupulumutsa ~ matani 15,000 pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pazaka zitatu.

SAF ndi decarbonization yamakampani oyendetsa ndege

IATA idalankhula ndi Oliver Fernández García, International Aviation Director ku Repsol, kuti akambirane za SAF ndi decarbonization yamakampani oyendetsa ndege.

Kodi Repsol imathandiza bwanji ndege zapaulendo kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo? Makasitomala anu ndi ndani?

Makampani oyendetsa ndege akhazikitsa zolinga zochepetsera ndipo akupita patsogolo ku decarbonization. Cholinga chathu ndikuthandizira gawoli pakuchita izi, kuwapatsa mafuta ongowonjezera omwe amafunikira kuti zokhumba zawo zitheke. Ndalama zathu zimayang'ana kwambiri pakukulitsa kupanga kwathu kwa SAF ndi ma synthetic SAF (e-jet) mwachangu momwe tingathere kuti tikwaniritse zomwe tikufuna. M'zaka zaposachedwa, takhala tikupereka SAF, yopangidwa m'mafakitale athu, kumakampani osiyanasiyana a ndege monga Iberia, Vueling, ndi Air Europa, paulendo wapadziko lonse komanso wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso gulu lankhondo laku Spain. Tasayina mapangano ogwirizana ndi makampani angapo, kuphatikiza Iberia, Vueling, ndi Gestair, kampani yayikulu kwambiri yaku Spain yoyendetsa ndege, kuti awathandize pakuchepetsa ntchito zawo. Posachedwapa, tasayina mgwirizano wapaulendo ndi Ryanair kuti apereke 15% ya zosowa zawo za SAF pakati pa 2025 ndi 2030, mpaka matani a 155,000, ndipo tikugwira ntchito kuti tisayine mapangano ena ogulitsa malonda. Pomaliza, tisaiwale ntchito zapansi pa eyapoti zomwe zimafunikanso kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya komanso komwe mafuta athu ongowonjezedwanso alinso yankho labwino.

Kodi gwero lanu lalikulu lazakudya ndi liti? Kodi mukuyang'ana kukulitsa magwero anu a feedstock (ma e-fuels, ndi zina)?

Pazaka zingapo zapitazi, tapanga magulu angapo a SAF m'mafakitale athu pogwiritsa ntchito biomass ndi zinyalala zochokera kumakampani a agrifood. Mu theka lachiwiri la 2023, tidzakhazikitsa mbewu yoyamba ku Spain yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipange mafuta apamwamba kwambiri pafakitale yathu ya Cartagena. Mafutawa adzapangidwa makamaka ndi mafuta ophikira ogwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ndi kusinthasintha mu dongosolo kuti aphatikizepo mitundu ina ya zotsalira. Malowa, omwe a Repsol akugulitsa ndalama zoposa 200 miliyoni za euro, adzapereka matani 250,000 pachaka a biofuel apamwamba, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ndege zamakono, zombo, magalimoto, kapena magalimoto, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kudzakuthandizani kupewa mpweya. matani 900,000 a CO2 pachaka.

Komanso, kampaniyo ikukonzekera ntchito yomanga chomera chopangira mafuta ku Bilbao, mogwirizana ndi Aramco, yomwe idzatha kupanga e-jet pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen yowonjezera ndikugwira CO2 ngati zipangizo. Ndi ndalama zoyambira zopitilira 100 miliyoni zama euro, ikhala imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zamtundu wake zikadzayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2025, ndipo dongosololi ndikufikira mafakitale kumapeto kwa zaka khumi.

Kodi zovuta zazikulu zopanga SAF ndi ziti? Kodi kupanga SAF ku Europe ndizovuta kuposa ku US?

SAF ndi tsogolo, komanso panopa. Timadziwa bwino momwe tingapangire komanso kukhala ndi mapu omveka bwino. Koma kuti tichulukitse kupanga mwachangu kwambiri momwe tingathere, tikufunika mfundo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolimbikitsa zodziwikiratu kuti tipeze ndalama polimbikitsa mayankho onse a decarbonization pamlingo womwewo. Sikuti ndi funso la kuyika ndalama zambiri zaboma, komanso kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti ndalama zachinsinsi zikhazikitsidwe ndi malamulo osavuta komanso omasuka ku mayankho osiyanasiyana aukadaulo.

Zachidziwikire, tikulandila zoyeserera zaposachedwa za ku Europe zomwe zakweza kwambiri zolinga za gawo la ndege m'zaka zikubwerazi ndi Green Deal Industrial Plan poyankha lamulo la American Inflation Reduction Act. Komabe, mu European Union dongosolo lovuta la malamulo ndi malamulo lakhazikitsidwa lomwe silithandizira kupita patsogolo kwachangu pakusintha mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, malamulo amayenderana ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi zoletsa komanso zoletsa matekinoloje ndi mayankho omwe angatithandize kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya mwachangu. Choncho, tikuganiza kuti akuluakulu a ku Ulaya ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri ku United States yomwe ili ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri yomwe chithandizo chimaperekedwa mwa njira yopuma misonkho kapena zolimbikitsa zomwe zimapezeka kwa onse omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kuyikapo ndalama zothetsera decarbonization.

Zoyeserera zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zakomweko, mwachitsanzo, ku UK, Germany, kapena Sweden zopezera ndalama ndikuthandizira mabizinesi ku SAF kapena zomwe zaperekedwa posachedwa ndi ma eyapoti ku Milan ku Italy kuti zithandizire ndege zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito SAF pazachuma ndi njira zoyenera. malangizo.

Kodi mukuwona bwanji kuti malo akusintha mpaka 2030?

Ndege zambiri zayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito SAF kapena zikuyang'ana, koma tikuyembekeza kuti izi zidzachokadi kuchokera ku 2025 pamene zofunikira zogwirizanitsa SAF mumafuta zimakhala zomangirira ndikuyamba kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Kuchokera pamalumikizidwe athu ndi ndege, tikuwona kuti ambiri adzafuna kuyenda mwachangu kuposa mapu amisewu omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe, ndipo tikukonzekera kuti tithandizire kufunikira kumeneku. Chomera chathu chatsopano ku Cartagena chikayamba kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa chaka chino, mphamvu zake zopanga zokha zitha kutengera zofunikira zonse zaku Spain mpaka 2030. Komabe, tipitiliza kukulitsa kupanga kwathu mu theka lachiwiri lazaka khumi kuti tithandizire amafunikira pambuyo pa 2030 pomwe zimafunikanso kuti ziphatikizidwe muperesenti ya e-jet. Nthawi zambiri, mapulojekiti athu amafuta ongowonjezwdwanso oyendetsa ndege ndi magawo ena oyendetsa ndi olemera kwambiri, ndipo tikuwona njira zosiyanasiyana zotsagana ndi ndege pacholinga chawo chofuna kuwononga kaboni. Tiyenera kusunga malingaliro athu ndikusunga mayankho onse aukadaulo patebulo, kudzipereka kwa omwe amathandizira kukwaniritsa zolinga zathu mwachangu komanso moyenera momwe tingathere.