Kodi mwatopa ndi vinyo ndi mowa? Mwatopa ndi kupsinjika komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuyitanitsa vinyo kusitolo ya vinyo kapena kusankha mowa woyenera waukadaulo wophatikizana ndi chakudya chamadzulo kumalo odyera? Mwetulirani! Pali mwana watsopano pamalopo, molunjika kuchokera ku Spain: Apple Cider.
Mbiri ya Cider
Zikuganiziridwa kuti cider ankadziwika bwino ndi Ahebri, Aigupto ndi Agiriki. Plinio (23-79 AD) amalankhula za zakumwa zokhala ndi mapeyala ndi maapulo ndipo amatchulanso vinyo, “…ndi chakumwa chodziwika bwino cha m’gawo”; Estrabon, zaka pafupifupi 60 Kristu asanabwere, analemba kuti anthu a ku Astures ankagwiritsa ntchito cider chifukwa anali ndi vinyo wochepa pamene Palladium (zaka za m’ma 3) anapeza kuti Aroma ankapanga vinyo wa mapeyala ndi zinanso zokhudza mmene angatulukire. Umboni woyamba wokhudza cider wopangidwa ku Asturies udachokera kwa katswiri wachi Greek Strabo mu 60 BC.
Sidra (cider) yochokera kudera la Espana Verde ku Spain idayamba chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 11 pomwe malowa sanali abwino kulima mphesa. Alimi anabzala minda ya zipatso za maapulo m’malo mwa mphesa ndipo anayamba kupanga cider. Patapita nthawi, Asturias ndi dera la Basque linapanga chikhalidwe champhamvu cha cider ndipo tsopano derali limatanthauzira Spanish cider ndi Asturias yomwe imayang'anira zoposa 80 peresenti ya kupanga konse. Anthu okhala ku Principality of Asturias amadya malita 54 (14.26 galoni) pamunthu pachaka.
Makhalidwe Apadera
Cider ya ku Spain (Sidra) imasiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zofanana zomwe zimapangidwa ku USA, UK ndi France ndi izi:
1. Wamphamvu zakutchire yisiti khalidwe
2. Zowuma, tannic mapeto
3. Zofufumitsa mwachibadwa, zopanda shuga kapena zotsekemera ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhalabe, zosathwanima
4. Amawonetsa zokometsera za acidic, zovuta, zamusty
5. Amatumizidwa kuchokera ku botolo la 750ml
6. “Kutaya cider”. M'malo motsegula botolo ndikulisiya kuti lipume, seva imatsanulira cider kuchokera kutalika kwa pafupifupi mapazi atatu kuti isungunuke ndikuwonjezera kununkhira ndi kununkhira.
Mitundu ya Sidra
1. Sidra Natural. Cider wouma wouma wachikhalidwe wothira yisiti (omwe amapezeka m'maapulo, m'minda ya zipatso ndi m'minda yamaluwa); botolo popanda kusefera; mowa wochepa (5-8 peresenti); nthaka ndi rustic kwa diso ndi m'kamwa
2. Sidra Achampanada. Pamafunika nayonso mphamvu yachiwiri (mu botolo kapena thanki). Njirayi imachulukitsa mowa ndikuwonetsa mphamvu; zowuma ndi zothwanima
3. Sidra de Nueva Expresion. Cider amasefedwa ndikukhazikika kuti achotse matope; style ili pafupi ndi vinyo
4. Frost cider (ganizirani vinyo wa ayezi waku Canada). Amapangidwa ndi kuzizira madzi a maapulo; amapanga cider wotsekemera, monga mchere
Cider Yopangidwa
Maapulo amasonkhanitsidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Novembala pogwiritsa ntchito kizkia, chida chomwe chimafanana ndi ndodo yokhala ndi msomali.
Maapulowo amaphwanyidwa kukhala pomace mu matxaka (shredder) koma osathyola njere (kupewa kulawa kowawa). Zamkati (patsa) zimasamutsidwa ku makina osindikizira ndipo zomwe ziyenera (muztioa) zimatengedwa (kapena kugwidwa pansi) mu vat (tina) mumayendedwe akale (sagardotegi). Kenako amakonzedwa ndikusungidwa m'migolo (nthawi zambiri chestnut) m'malo osungira kuti akhwime.
Ayenera kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri:
1. Kuthira mowa. Njira ya anaerobic pomwe shuga wachilengedwe amasinthidwa kukhala mowa. Izi zimatha, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, pakati pa masiku 10 mpaka miyezi 1.5.
2. Malic acid amasinthidwa kukhala lactic acid ndipo amachepetsa kuwawa kwa cider ndikupangitsa kuti amwe. Kutentha kumatenga miyezi 2-4.
Maapulo ayenera kapena madzi a apulo amachokera ku maapulo amtundu wa shuga (mpaka 20 mitundu yosiyanasiyana), opangidwa kuchokera ku madzi ndi shuga, malic acid, citrus, tannin, pectin, nayitrogeni, mchere, mavitamini (kuphatikizapo C, B2, D, ndi zina zotero. ) ndi ma enzyme pakusungunuka. Panthawi yowotchera shuga amasandulika kukhala carbonic anhydride ndipo mowa umapanga mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa mowa pakati pa 4-6 peresenti ndi khalidwe labwino lomwe limapangitsa kuti likhale lofunika kwambiri.
Posachedwapa pakhala luso linalake koma nyumba zambiri zodziwika bwino za cider zimayesa kusunga zofunikira za ndondomeko yakale. Amapanga cider wosasefedwa kuchokera ku maapulo omwe amafufutitsidwa mwachilengedwe ndi yisiti yachilengedwe kuchokera pakhungu lawo. Cider yachilengedwe ikadali, yamtambo pang'ono komanso yowoneka bwino komanso acidic, makamaka ku Basque Country.
makhalidwe
1. Kununkhira. Kawirikawiri mwatsopano citric ndi zamaluwa ndi mwina fungo la okalamba tchizi ndi batala
2. Maonekedwe. Kusasefedwa kumapangitsa kuti mitambo ikhale yachilendo ndi mtundu wachikasu wa udzu. Gwirani botolo musanatsegule ndi kuthira
3. Espalme. Chithovu chiyenera kutha mofulumira kuchokera pamwamba pa cider
4. Pega. Woonda filimu kutsatira mbali ya galasi pambuyo kumwa
5. Kumva pakamwa. Matupi apakati opanda kukoma; kuwala kwa carbonation (kutengera kutalika kwa kutsanulira). M'kamwa mumakhala acidity ndi tangy, mandimu ndi citrus; pang'ono mpaka zero astringency kapena kuwawa. Pambuyo kulawa anganene zokanda kapena kukhosi zinachitikira chifukwa asidi asidi
6. Chiwonetsero chonse. Zouma, zatsopano komanso acidity yamoyo
Kulawa Kosankhidwa
Sidra Angelon ndi banja lomwe limayendetsa ntchito zaluso za Asturian Cider. Alfredo Ordonez Onis adayambitsa makina osindikizira (LLagar), Sidra Viuda de Angelon (1947) m'minda ya zipatso ya La Alameda. Mu 1978 chomeracho chinayamba kupanga ku La Teyera. Francisco Ordonez Vigil amayang'anira kupanga.
1. Viuda de Angelon Sidra 1947. Pafupi ndi youma, cider wonyezimira pang'ono ABV 6 peresenti
• Wowoneka bwino wagolide m'maso ndi mphamvu yapakatikati. Kumveka kwa maapulo ophika ku mphuno komwe kumatsogolera mwachangu ku lingaliro la acidity. M'kamwa kumapereka kukoma kokoma kapena kukoma kwake komanso ma tannins okhala ndi shuga wotsalira pang'ono. Mapeto ake amabweretsa kukumbukira kwa maapulo owawasa, zipatso za citrus, vinyo wosasa (mwanjira yabwino), ndi zitsamba zomwe zimakhala zowuma pang'ono. Gwirizanani ndi Brie ndi Camembert.
2. Viuda de Angelon Sidra Brut. Pa dry sparkling cider ABV 6 peresenti.
Cider wokhwima amasankhidwa kuchokera ku bodega kuti afufuzenso kachiwiri kuti apange cider youma mwachilengedwe yomwe imasunga kununkhira koyambirira kwa Sidra.
• Kumaso golide wonyezimira wokhala ndi thovu la champagne. Mphuno imazindikira mkate ndi maapulo akucha, kuphatikiza kakombo kakang'ono ka citrus wowawasa ndi mchere. M'kamwa mwake mumatsitsimutsidwa ndi fungo la thovu lomwe limanyamula kukoma kopepuka kwa maapulo.
3. Viuda de Angelon Sidra Brut. Zouma, zonyezimira za peyala cider (AKA Perry) ABV 5.2 peresenti
Peyala ya perry ndi maziko a peyala ya cider ndipo imakhala ndi gritty, tannic ndi acidic khalidwe lofanana ndi maapulo a cider. Perry pear tannins ndi ozungulira kuposa maapulo a cider okhala ndi malic acid ochepa (organic acid amathandizira kuti zipatso zikhale zowawa bwino) ndipo zimatisiyira chakumwa chocheperako koma chofunikira.
• Wopangidwa kuchokera ku mapeyala olima estate, cider yokoma imabweretsa mapeyala kumlingo watsopano woyamikira. Mitundu yowoneka bwino yapadziko lapansi imasakanikirana ndi thovu lowala ndikuphatikizana bwino ndi mtedza, pate ndi tchizi cha camembert.
Guzman Riestra Sidra Brut Nature. Zouma, zonyezimira za Cider ABV 8 peresenti
Cider yoyamba yopangidwa ndi banja inali mu 1906 ndi Robustiano Riesta. Chinsinsi ndi ndondomeko inapitilizidwa ndi mwana wake wamkazi, Etelvina Riesta yemwe, ndi mwamuna wake, Ricardo Riestra Hortal, kupanga zamakono. Pakalipano ma cider ndi ake ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi Raul ndi Ruben Riestra, zidzukulu zazikulu za woyambitsa. Mu 2012 kampaniyo idatulutsa cider yake yoyamba yonyezimira, Sidra Guzman Riestra. Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Champagne.
Amapangidwa kuchokera ku cider yochokera ku maapulo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi kuwira kwachiwiri mu botolo ndikuwonjezera yisiti ya cider. Mabotolowo amakalamba kwa miyezi 8 ndipo matopewo amasunthidwa pakhosi la botolo kuti achotsedwe. Mphotho zikuphatikizapo: 2013 Silver Medal (Great Lakes International/Michigan); 2014 Top Ten Cider Journal (USA); 2015 Mendulo ya Silver (Great Lakes International/Michigan); Mphotho Yachiwiri ya 2015 (Sisga International Ciders Gijon); 2016 Silver Mendulo (Great Lakes International/Michigan)
• M'maso, chikasu chagolide pamene mphuno imapeza ulusi wa mapeyala ndi nthochi. M'kamwa mwake mumasangalala ndi zipatso za m'madera otentha. Maapulo achi French mumsanganizowo amathandizira kukhudza kowonjezera kwa tannic tartness.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, Dinani apa.
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.
