Ulendo mu Nthawi Yosokonezeka

Chiphunzitso cha Chisokonezo

Chisokonezo ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza dziko lapansi pomwe palibe chilichonse chanzeru; pamene 2 + 2 sakufanana ndi 4, kutisiyira kwathunthu komanso osokonezeka kotheratu. Nthawi zina "agulugufe" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zodabwitsazi: lingaliro ndiloti kugwedeza mapiko agulugufe ku Argentina kumatha kuyambitsa chimphepo ku Texas patatha milungu itatu. Mwina, pakadali pano, ndibwino kuyang'ana Aristotle ndi chiphunzitso chake cha "kudalira kwambiri" komwe adawona kuti, "kupatuka kochepa kochepa kuchokera ku chowonadi kumachulukitsidwa pambuyo pake chikwi chimodzi" (Aristotle OTH, 271b8).

Tsoka ilo, tikukhala m'chilengedwe chonse momwe mabodza ndi zowona zazing'ono zakhala zachikhalidwe; zomwe tidavomereza ngati zomveka komanso zenizeni dzulo, sizibweretsanso zotsatira zomwezo; Zomwe tidachita kuti tikhale olingana mmoyo wathu waluso komanso zaumwini sizibweretsanso zotsatira zokhutiritsa kapena zopindulitsa.

Kukonzekera Pre-tsoka

Makampani a hotelo, maulendo komanso zokopa alendo adadzudzulidwa chifukwa chokhala osakonzekera zovuta izi ndi mavuto azachuma. Zikuwoneka kuti atsogoleri amabizinesi komanso aboma komanso andale sanali okonzeka ndi mayankho omwe akanachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chochitika cha COVID-19 momwe chidasinthira.

Ena amati kuwunika koopsa kuyenera kukhala gawo la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake komanso kutengera kusanthula kwamalingaliro, mapulani azadzidzidzi omwe adapangidwa molingana ndi zomwe zingachitike. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso chabwino kwambiri; komabe, kupatula zochitika zina, mwachitsanzo, mphepo zamkuntho ku Caribbean, zovuta zokopa alendo sizimadziwika m'mene zimachitikira, kusinthika ndi momwe zimakhudzira. Ngakhale mavuto ambiri, monga zigawenga, atha kuyembekezeredwa ndikukhazikitsa malamulo omwe angakhazikitsidwe, zowonadi, zovuta ndi masoka zimachitika mosayembekezereka ndipo zimafunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Kuuluka Pamalire a Chisokonezo

Kukhazikika ndi kusintha ndi gawo limodzi lazamalonda. Ngakhale pangakhale kukhazikika ndi kufanana kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, kulinganiza kumeneku kumakhala koperewera. Pali ngozi yowonongeka nthawi zonse. Kubwereranso pa "agulugufe," m'makampani, chochitika chowoneka chochepa chimatha kuyambitsa zochitika zomwe zingabweretse mavuto akulu. Mwachitsanzo, mtambo wa phulusa wochokera ku Eyjafjallajökull kuphulika ku Iceland (2010), osangokhudza makampani opanga ndege padziko lonse lapansi, zidasokoneza kwambiri anthu ndi mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi kutengera ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi. Ngati tilingalira za COVID-19 - kuchokera pa chochitika china ku China chomwe chinawonedwa koma sichinaoneke ngati chofunikira, chadzetsa mliri komanso mavuto azachuma padziko lonse lapansi.

Pakatikati pa chiphunzitso cha chisokonezo ndikuti dongosolo lizituluka mchisokonezo; komabe, pakufunika kuti "chilumba chokhazikika" chikhalepo pazisokonezo zomwe zidalipo. Nthawi zina, ndi mabungwe aboma monga National Guard ndi FEMA. Pakufunika kokhala ndi tanthauzo la tanthauzo, malingaliro kapena njira zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kukwaniritsa cholinga chimodzi. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa COVID-19 - sipanakhale bungwe, bungwe kapena munthu wokhoza kupereka chitsogozo chokhazikika, chowongolera chotsogolera kutsogolera makampani kuti athetse mavuto ndikuyamba kumene. Dziko lidayenera kukumana ndi mavairasi komanso kugwa kwachuma chifukwa chodzipatula komanso kudzipatula, kudalira media media komanso makanema apawailesi yakanema zimapereka chidziwitso, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimadzazidwa ndi mabodza, zoonadi zopanda pake komanso zokokomeza zokhazokha.

Chisokonezo Cha Ndege

Chidule cha zovuta zomwe zimakuta gawo lalikulu lachilengedwe chimati "tonse tili mgulu limodzi." Izi siziri pafupi kwenikweni ndi chowonadi (panthawi yomwe chowonadi chimakhala pamtengo wapamwamba). Makampani opanga ndege akuchita nawo mgwirizano ndi omwe adakwera, ogwira nawo ntchito, mabungwe aboma komanso mabanki. Makampaniwa amawononga ndalama zambiri polimbikitsa lingaliro loti kuwuluka ndikotetezeka pomwe zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti okwera ali ndi kachilombo ka COVID-19, kudwala ndikukumana ndi matenda a nthawi yayitali komanso / kapena kufa. Center for Disease Control (CDC) idati, "Tikuwona kuti chiwopsezo chotenga SARS-CoV-2 paulendo wautali ndi chenicheni ndipo chitha kupangitsa masango a COVID-19 kukula kwambiri, ngakhale m'magulu abizinesi amakhala ngati mipando yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe amagwiritsanso ntchito kutanthauzira kuyanjana kwapafupi ndi ndege. ”

Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) (Seputembara 21, 2020) idatchulapo kafukufuku wachitatu wofotokoza zaulendo wapaulendo wa COVID-19 limodzi lokhala ndi munthu m'modzi wodwala yemwe mwina adatengera ena 12 paulendo wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Kafukufuku wina, wofalitsidwa mu Emerging Infectious Diseases, adawunikiranso ndege ya Vietnam Airlines ya maola 10 kuchokera ku London kupita ku Hanoi, Vietnam pa Marichi 1 zomwe zidapangitsa anthu 15 kudwala kuphatikiza wodwalayo, ndikupanga chiwonetsero cha 62% pa 274 - ndege yampando. Mwa okwera 12 omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa bizinesi, 8 (67%) adayamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro patadutsa masiku 8.8 atafika ku Hanoi. CIDRAP ikutsutsa zomwe makampani opanga ndege akumana nazo, "Kutumiza paulendo wa ndege VN54 kudaphatikizidwa m'magulu abizinesi, pomwe mipando ili ndi mipata yochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira pachuma, ndipo matenda amafalikira kwambiri kuposa momwe mzere wa 2-mzere kapena 6.6 mapazi uliri womwe ulimbikitsidwa ndi COVID -19 Kupewera ndege ndi mayendedwe ena onse kukadatha " https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/ ). Pa Okutobala 20, 2020, a Rachel DeSantis adanenanso zakumwalira kwa Julayi 25, 2020 COVID-19 kwa mayi waku Texas (wazaka 30), yemwe adamwalira mundege pomwe adakhala pa tara kudikirira kunyamuka.

TSA akuti antchito 271 apezeka ndi matenda opatsirana a COVID-19. Chiyambireni mliriwu, anthu ogwira ntchito m'boma 2,204 adayesa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ndipo ogwira ntchito 8 ndi kontrakitala m'modzi m'modzi wamwalira ndi kachilomboka (tsa.gov/coronavirus).

Malinga ndi McKinsey.com, ndalama zandalama zatsika ndipo 2/3 mwa ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi adayimitsidwa ndi ndege 18 zomwe zikulemba za bankrupt mu miyezi ingapo yapitayi. Padziko lonse lapansi, akuti makampani ataya $ 315 biliyoni mu ndalama zonyamula anthu mu 2020. Ndege zitatu zokha, China Airlines, Korea Air ndi Asiana Airlines ndi zomwe zalemba phindu m'gawo lachiwiri chifukwa chodalira katundu.

Poyerekeza ndi chaka cham'mbuyomu, ndalama zosinthidwa za Q2 za Delta zidatsika ndi 91% pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi idatsika ndi 85%. United Airlines inanena kuti kampaniyo inali kutaya ndalama zokwana madola 40 miliyoni patsiku. Lufthansa inalembetsa kuchepa kwa ndalama kwa 89% pachaka pomwe ndalama za Air France / KLM zatsika ndi 82% kapena $ 6.6 biliyoni poyerekeza ndi kotala yachiwiri ya 2019.

Ndegezi zapempha kuti boma lichotse ntchito ndipo padziko lonse lapansi makampaniwa alandila ndalama zokwana $ 123 biliyoni. Ndalama zimakhudza pafupifupi 1/5 ya ndalama za 2019; theka la thandizo, $ 67 biliyoni, amabwera ngati mawonekedwe a ngongole kapena ngongole zina zomwe abwezere, ndi chiwongola dzanja. Zina mwa ndalamazo zinkaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito; komabe, United idalonjeza kulipira ogwira ntchito kudzera mu Seputembala ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito. JetBlue adatenga ndalama zowapulumutsira koma adaganiza kuti asalipire ogwira ntchito ndalama zawo zonse, kusunga ndalama zawo ndipo onse ogwira ntchito ku JetBlue amayenera kutenga masiku 24 osalandila ndalama pakati pa Epulo 20 ndi Seputembara 30, 2020; Ndalama zoikidwa ndi Congress kwa ogwira ntchito zatumizidwa kukweza masheya (viewfromthewing.com).                 

McKinsey sakuwona kufunikira kwa maulendo apandege padziko lonse lapansi mpaka 2024, ngakhale atha kutsogozedwa ndi Asia - Pacific mu 2023 pomwe North America ndi Europe zikufika ku precrisis mu 2024. Zochitika zowoneka bwino sizikuwonetsa kuwonongedwa konse kwa mpweya pamaso pa 2022. Nthawi yayitali , wogula akhoza kupindula ndi mitengo yotsika; Pofika nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mpikisano, kufunika kolipira ngongole zaboma ndi zomwe zingachitike pokhudzana ndi thanzi, pangakhale mitengo yamatikiti yowonjezera.

Zipinda ku Inn

Pokhala ndi anthu ambiri olekanitsidwa, malire atsekedwa, komanso misonkhano yochitikira ku Zoom, pakhala pali chifukwa kapena mwayi wapaulendo kuti asungitse malo. McKinsey saganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu kungafikire milingo ya 2019 mpaka 2023 ndipo ndalama pachipinda chilichonse (REV PAR) sizingabwerenso mpaka 2024. Magawo omwe akukula mwachangu kwambiri azikhala malo azachuma komanso malo opumira komanso maunyolo akulu kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa American Hotel and Lodging Association (AHLA) adapeza kuti hotelo zisanu ndi zinayi mwa khumi zaku US zathamangitsa kapena kuwotcha antchito ndipo ma hotela opitilira 8000 atha kukakamizidwa kutseka zitseko zawo, kwanthawizonse. Nkhani zakunja kwa US ndizabwino. Ku London, 80 peresenti ya mahotela atsegulidwanso pomwe mahotela aku Asia ali ndi chithunzi chowoneka bwino ndi 86 peresenti ya mahotela ku Shanghai amatsegulidwanso ndipo 92% ya mahotela aku Hong Kong atsegulidwanso.

Assistant Professor Andria Rusk, katswiri wa matenda opatsirana ku Florida International University's College of Public Health and Social Work akuwona kuti, "Monga malo aliwonse aboma, pali zoopsa zotenga matenda m'mahotelo. Kuopsa kumeneku kumabwera chifukwa chocheza ndi fomites - zomwe timatcha zinthu kapena malo omwe atenga matenda - kapena ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. ”

Chiwopsezo chachikulu chofalitsira ndikulumikizana kwambiri ndi anthu osawadziwa, ndipo zovuta zazikulu mu hoteloyo ndi ogwira ntchito ndi alendo ena komanso madera onse omwe pamakhala mphambano pakati pa onse atatu.

Akatswiri amavomereza kuti si anthu onse omwe ali ndi COVID-19 omwe amawonetsa zizindikiro kuti pakhale kulumikizana pakati pa alendo ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omwe amafalitsa kachilombo mwakachetechete. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musalumikizane ndi aliyense wogwira ntchito ku hotelo yemwe savala chophimba kumaso ndi zida zina zoteteza (PPE).

Kupangitsa kuti ulendowu ukhale wovuta kwambiri, zogawana nawo komanso malo wamba ndizowopsa kuposa zipinda zapadera za hotelo. Ma lobbies amatha kukhala odzaza m'mawa kuthamangira, ngakhale maiwe ndi ma spa amatha kupeza anthu m'magulu. Zikepe zimapereka zoopsa pamene alendo akugawana malo otsekedwa ndi mpweya wochepa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kachilomboka kangathe kukhala pamalo olimba, opanda phulusa kwa masiku atatu (kuphatikiza pulasitiki ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri) (New England Journal of Medicine). Ngakhale kuyeretsa kwakukulu kumalephera kuthetsa kachilomboka ponseponse. Ndizotheka kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mlengalenga kuchokera kwa alendo am'mbuyomu komanso kumakhalabe pamalo omwe adakhudzidwa.

M'mizinda yambiri, mahotela ndi mamotelo akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu opanda nyumba, kuwapatsa malo otetezeka pogona mliri wa coronavirus. Kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, Bwanamkubwa Gavin Newson (California) adakhazikitsa Project Roomkey ndi cholinga chopereka zipinda 15,000 zama hotelo ndi mamotelo kwa anthu opanda pokhala. Zipindazi zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi coronavirus, iwo omwe atha kuwululidwa komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha msinkhu kapena thanzi lawo. Pulogalamuyi ikukonzekera kulandila 75% kubweza kuchokera ku Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ndi ndalama zina zonse zolipiridwa ndi mabungwe aboma komanso aboma. Riverside County ikulipidwa $ 2 miliyoni (kuyambira Meyi 2020) ndi ndalama zoperekedwa kumahotela, chakudya ndi kulipira anthu ogwira ntchito zantchito omwe ali ndi udindo wofalitsa ndi kulumikiza anthu kuntchito.

Dongosololi lipambana kwa ogulitsa malo ogwiritsira ntchito chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi kuti azitha kupeza ndalama kwinaku akutsekedwa kapena kuchezera omwe angatumikire. Atafunsidwa kuti azindikire mahotela omwe akutenga nawo gawo pulogalamuyi, boma ndi boma adakana kutchula malowa, ndikulemekeza kulemekeza zachinsinsi za anthu omwe ali mu pulogalamu yamavocha ndi chitetezo cha katundu (Melissa Daniels, Epulo 18, 2020, desertsun. com). Kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa dzina ndi malo ake kumabweretsa vuto kwa alendo, osatsimikiza ngati zipinda zam hotelo zomwe amakhala zimakhala malo ogawana ndi odwala a COVID-19.

Mliriwu wapangitsa mahotela kukhala malo owopsa pantchito komanso alendo. Wynn Las Vegas yapeza pafupifupi miliri 500 ya mliri komanso anthu atatu afa pakati paogwirira ntchitoyi kuyambira mu June. Pogwira ntchito ndi University Medical Center, kampaniyo idakonza mayeso 15,051 ndi cholinga chodziwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka koma alibe; Milandu 548 yoyesedwa (kuchuluka kwa 3.6 peresenti). Mwa onse, milandu 51 idalembedwa asanatsegule ndipo milandu 497 idatsegulidwa pambuyo pake. Popeza hoteloyo idatsegulidwa, alendo asanu ndi mmodzi adayesedwa kuti ali ndi HIV.

Cliff Diving

Zizindikiro zonse zachuma zimatsimikizira zovuta zomwe makampani azokopa adakumana nazo - osati chifukwa choti zolakwika zonse zidapangidwa ndi magulu onse amabizinesi, koma posanyalanyaza zofunikira zakuti anthu m'boma komanso utsogoleri waboma (osankhidwa, osankhidwa ndi osankhidwa ) ali ndi udindo woteteza nzika, okwera, alendo, ndi ogwira ntchito, mosasamala kanthu za ndale.

Zotsatira zosayankhidwa ndi mliri Ku United States, ndikuti ntchito zokopa alendo zikupitilizabe kutayika, mwezi ndi mwezi. Mu Okutobala 2020, gawo lokopa alendo ku USA lidataya mwezi umodzi $ 41 biliyoni, chimodzimodzi ndi zomwe zidatayika mu Seputembara 2020. Ndalama zoyendera zidatsika ndi 41% pansi pa 2019 (kutaya $ 9.1 biliyoni). Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, COVID-19 ndiye yomwe idapangitsa $ 415 biliyoni pakuwonongeka kochulukirapo pachuma chaku US. Hawaii, DC New York, Massachusetts ndi Illinois akupitilizabe kutaya zopitilira 50 peresenti. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mopitilira muyeso kwapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zokwana $ 53.3 biliyoni m'maboma am'maboma, maboma ndi amisonkho kuyambira pa Marichi 1, 2020 (ustravel.org/toolkit/covid-19-travel-industry-research).

Mu Ogasiti 2020, Alison Durkee (Forbes.com) adanenanso kuti mfundo za United Nations zofotokoza mwachidule za mliri womwe ungakhudze makampani azokopa alendo ziziwonjezera pafupifupi $ 1 trilioni imodzi kutayika, ndikuwopseza ntchito miliyoni 100 padziko lonse lapansi. Kutayika pantchito zokopa alendo kudakonzedwa kuti muchepetse GDP yapadziko lonse ndi 1.4 - 2.8 peresenti. Kutsika kumeneku kumakhudza maiko osatukuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, (mwachitsanzo, Africa) ndi zilumba zazing'ono zomwe zikukula kumene zokopa alendo zimawonjezeka ndi GDP yawo, komanso azimayi ndi achinyamata omwe amalamulira anthu ogwira ntchito zokopa alendo

Kodi Pali Dongosolo

Ndege zikugwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe kazachuma komanso kusokonekera kwa maubwenzi pagulu kuti zithandizire pomwe mahotela ayesa kupitiliza kugwira ntchito polumikizana ndi mabungwe aboma, kupereka malo kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka ndi kupatula anthu; komabe, m'kupita kwanthawi, ikhala matekinoloje aukadaulo, maloboti ndi luntha lochita kupanga zomwe zingathandize kuti malo achepetse ndalama zokhazikika ndikuyambiranso.

Ziri zachidziwikire kuti kuchepa kwa zofuna kumachepetsa mabungwe amabizinesi azokopa alendo. Zotsatira zakusinthaku ziphatikizanso kukwera kwamitengo pang'onopang'ono ndi ndalama zomwe zimayendetsedwa kuti zithandizire kutsata zofunika malinga ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kuthekera (lingalirani za kusokonekera kwa anthu).

Posakhalitsa, makampani azikhala osinthasintha pozindikira mitengo, mfundo ndi mikhalidwe yothetsera zovuta zina zachuma. Ngakhale njira zina zamitengo zingakope makasitomala kuti akwere ndege ndi mahotela, kwa nthawi yayitali sizingasinthe malingaliro (ndikufunika kwa) chitetezo ndi chitetezo. Ndikothekera kuti makampani akuyenera kusintha magwiridwe antchito ndi kutsatsa, ndikuwunika kwambiri kuyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa PPE, ndikukonzanso malo moyang'ana pansi pankhuni zolimba m'malo mopakira. Zofunikira zatsopano za ndege ndi mahotela ziziyang'ana makanema abwino a HVAC ndi zosefera za HEPA, mapangidwe omanga nyumba okhala ndi malo otseguka, mawindo otseguka ndi machitidwe osiyana a HVAC azipinda ndi malo aboma komanso m'malo mwa anthu okhala ndi maloboti.

Kuphatikiza apo:

- Omwe atenga nawo mbali pamakampani asintha kulumikizana ndiukadaulo ndikupanga ukadaulo potero amachepetsa kulumikizana ndi zomwe zingachitike

Malire adzaikidwa pa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amaloledwa kusonkhana m'malo ampikisano

- Njira zatsopano ndi makina apangidwe pokonzekera ndikupereka chakudya ndi zakumwa

- Zowongolera zamagulu azipinda zibwerera ku hotelo m'malo modalira anthu ena

- Kutumiza ntchito kumathandizira kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndikuchepetsa zoopsa

- Zowonjezera komanso ma inshuwaransi ena amachepetsa zovuta zomwe zingachitike mwadzidzidzi / mosayembekezereka.

Kuwala ndi Tunnel

Chikhulupiriro chakuti kuyenda sikungayambitse matenda kapena kufa kudzatenga nthawi kuti mukhale gawo laomwe akuyenda. Zili m'manja mwa anthu wamba komanso mabungwe wamba, kugwira ntchito limodzi, kuti akhazikitsenso chidaliro ichi. Alendo azikhala ndi ukhondo posankha komwe akupita, maulendo, malo ogona, malo odyera komanso zokopa.

Zonse zili bwino kukhala ndi antchito owoneka bwino akuvina m'mipata ya ndege komanso maholo a mahotela; komabe, ngakhale izi zitha kupangitsa kuti eni ake akhale osangalala, sizolimbikitsa kwaomwe akuyenda. Zitenga nthawi kuti mutsimikizire atsogoleri amakampani kuti 2019 kulibenso ndipo 2020 yatsala pang'ono kutha. Chaka chatsopano chimafuna malingaliro atsopano, ndi utsogoleri watsopano; munthu yemwe sanatulukebe.

“Mayeso a khalidweli siolimbikira pamene mukuyembekezera kuwala kumapeto kwa mumphangayo. Chiyeso chenicheni ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi kulimbikira pamene simukuwona kuwala kukubwera. ” - James Arthur Ray

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.