Wopanga Vinyo Weniweni Wapezeka ku Istria, Croatia

Lyene, nakwete iwi lyasi ilya kuyangapo ukulongana pali vino yaku Croatia ku Manhattan. Sindinayembekeze ndipo mwadala sindinawerenge ndemanga za vinyo ndisanapite ku pulogalamuyi. Ndinkafuna kukhala womasuka kwathunthu kwa a vinyo watsopano zinachitikira ndi cholinga cha ndemanga zanga.

Mukudziwa

· Croatia ali kuti?

Imayang'aniridwa kumwera chakumadzulo ndi Nyanja ya Adriatic (mkono wakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean). Slovenia ndi Hungary amalire ndi dzikoli kumpoto; Bosnia ndi Herzegovina ndi malire a Serbia kummawa. Croatia ili ndi malire amfupi ndi Montenegro ndipo imagawana malire a panyanja ndi Italy.

Kodi Istria, Slovenia ili kuti?

 Ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Croatia.

· Chifukwa chiyani Istria ili yosangalatsa?

Derali lakhala likutsogola pakupanga malonda ndi chitukuko cha kupanga vinyo pazaka khumi zapitazi.

· Kodi Istria ndi gawo la gawo lalikulu lopanga vinyo?

Istria imamangidwa ndi Italy ndi Slovenia. Friuli (Italy), Primorska (Slovenia), ndi Istria (Croatia) amadziwika kuti Julian March. Katswiri wa zilankhulo wa ku Italy, Graziadio Yesaya Ascoli, anagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa (1863) kusonyeza kuti chigawo cha Austrian Littoral, Veneto, Friuli, ndi Trentino (gawo la Ufumu wa Austria) chinali ndi zinenero zofanana za Chiitaliya.

Chuma nthawi zonse chimakhala chaulimi, ndipo vinyo wakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Mu 4^th Zaka za m'ma BC, atsamunda achi Greek adayamba kupanga vinyo pagombe la Adriatic. Aroma komanso pambuyo pake anthu aku Croatia amakono adakulitsa chikhalidwe cha kulima mphesa ku Greek. Mavinyo aku Croatia adayenda bwino pambuyo podzipatula ku Yugoslavia wakale.

Malinga ndi lipoti la Croatian Central Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Production (2019), alimi aku Croatia adalima mahekitala 20,000 a minda yamphesa ndikutulutsa matani 108,297 a mphesa ndi ma hectolita 704,400 a vinyo. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2014 Wine Institute, mwa malita 69 miliyoni a vinyo omwe amapangidwa ku Croatia msika wa komweko umadya malita 46.9 pachaka.

Mphesa zazikulu?

Mphesa ya Malvazija Istarska imakonda kwambiri ku Istria ndipo imatulutsa imodzi mwa vinyo woyera wa ku Croatian Istria ndi kumpoto kwa Dalmatian. Idayambitsidwa kuderali ndi amalonda aku Venetian omwe adabweretsa zodulidwa kuchokera ku Greece. Mphesa ya Malvazija imapanga vinyo watsopano, wopepuka, wonunkhira bwino, komanso wa acidic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala bwino m'chilimwe. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi nsomba zozizira ndi shrimp.

Teran ndiye mphesa yofiira kwambiri kuchokera ku Istria, Croatia, ndipo imapezeka makamaka kumadzulo kwa derali. Ndi mtundu wakucha mochedwa, umamera m'magulu akuluakulu, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zodzaza. Mpesa umafuna dzuwa kwambiri. Imadziwika kuti Teran-Croatian Istria (Hrvatska Istra) mtunduwu umakonda kukhala watsopano, komanso wopatsa zipatso wokhala ndi acidity yokwanira bwino, ma tannins olimba, komanso zolemba za zipatso ndi zonunkhira.

· Kodi anthu aku Croatia amamwa vinyo / mowa / mizimu?

Amuna m’dzikoli amamwa mowa mowirikiza kanayi kuposa akazi. Mwa mowa womwe umamwedwa, anthu aku Croatia ankakonda vinyo, kenako mowa ndi mizimu. Vinyo ndi wotchuka ndipo anthu ammudzi amasangalala ndi vinyo ndi zakudya zawo. Kusakaniza kodziwika bwino ndi vinyo wothiridwa ndi madzi osalala kapena othwanima (vinyo woyera wa gemist ndi madzi a carbonated), ndi bevanda (vinyo wofiira ndi madzi osalala).

Palibe zaka zovomerezeka zovomerezeka ku Croatia; komabe, muyenera kukhala 18+ kuti mugule mowa, ndipo malamulo akumwa / oyendetsa galimoto ndi okhwima.

Opanga vinyo aku Croatia adatumiza $ 14.3M mu vinyo (2020), ndikupangitsa kukhala 47^th wogulitsa wamkulu wa vinyo padziko lapansi. Ogula kwambiri ndi Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Germany, United States, Serbia, ndi Montenegro. Misika yomwe ikukula mwachangu (2019-2020) inali Netherlands, Switzerland, ndi Canada.

gulu

Mu 1996 bungwe la Croatian Institute of Viticulture and Enology linakhazikitsidwa ndi ntchito yoyang'anira malonda a vinyo m'dzikoli ndikuwongolera ulimi wa vinyo / kupanga ndi miyezo (kutengera malamulo a vinyo a European Union).

Vinyo waku Croatia amagawidwa ndi mtundu:

• Barrique: amawonekera pa zilembo kuti asiyanitse vinyo omwe akhala nthawi yayitali mu oak
• Arhivo Vino: kutchulidwa kosowa kwa vinyo wabwino kwambiri wotanthauza kukhala wokalamba kwa nthawi yayitali
• Vrhunsko Vino: khalidwe lapamwamba
• Kvalitetno Vino: vinyo wabwino
• Stolno vino: vinyo wa tebulo

Malamulo Ena

· Suho: Dry

· Slatko: Wokoma

· Pola Slatko: Theka lokoma

Vinyo akhoza kukhala woyenerera sitampu yochokera kumadera ngati vinyo amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zomwe zimalimidwa m'dera lomwe amalimamo vinyo. Pamagulu apamwamba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, mtundu wamtengo wapatali) vinyo wokhala ndi sitampu yochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana ayenera kukwaniritsa mtundu wa mphesa, malo amunda wamphesa (phiri lokulitsa mphesa) wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana.

• Sitampu yamtundu wa mphesa: 85 peresenti ya mtundu wa mphesa womwe dzina lake limanyamula
• Dzina la mpesa (Arhiv) liyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba yotalikirapo kuposa nthawi yake yokhwima bwino komanso zosachepera zaka zisanu kuchokera tsiku lopangira mphesa kukhala vinyo, zomwe pafupifupi zaka zitatu mu botolo.
• Vinyo waku Croatia alibe DO kapena AOC system

Vinyo wa Fakin

Fakin ndi malo opangira mphesa omwe ali ndi mbiri yazaka 300 yaulimi ku Istria (yomwe ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Croatia), pomwe mphesa zimagulitsidwa ku ma wineries ena a Istrian omwe adapambana mendulo za vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa za Fakin. Marko Fakin adatenga bizinesi ya banja ndipo adayamba kupanga vinyo mu 2010 m'garaji yake, akuwumitsa mphesa za vinyo wotsekemera m'nyumba mwake.

Pampikisano wadziko lonse wa Croatian Winemakers of the Year wa 2010, Marko Fakin ndi vinyo wake adalandira mphotho. Chiyambireni izi, Fakin wakula kuchokera ku mabotolo a 2000 mpaka kupanga mabotolo a 120,000 ndi minda ya mpesa yonse ya 82 ku Motovun, Istria, Croatia. Amawona kuti kupambana kwake ndi kuphatikiza kwamwayi kwanyengo yaying'ono ya Mediterranean yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi Mtsinje wa Mirna womwe umazungulira Motovun, komanso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kutentha kwa masana ndi madzulo komwe kumapangitsa kuti fungo la mphesa likhale lovuta. Kupambana kwake kungabwere chifukwa cha nthaka yoyera yomwe imachirikiza mitundu ya mphesa monga Istrian Malvazija, Teran, ndi Muskat.

Fakin imayang'ana kwambiri zaulimi wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika. Mphesa zake za Teran zimakololedwa pamanja ndikutsatira vinification, wokalamba muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kwa miyezi 8. Izi zimatsogolera ku vinyo wapakati, wokongola wa ruby ​​yemwe amapereka fungo labwino la zipatso ndi nthaka. Malvazija Istarka ndi mfumukazi ya mphesa zoyera ndipo amapereka mapichesi oyera ndi mapeyala okhala ndi malingaliro osangalatsa a zipatso zamwala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ukhondo, wonyezimira, wouma, komanso wosaiwalika.

Vinyo wa Fakin - M'malingaliro Anga

lapadera

Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti vinyo wa Fakin si "Lachiwiri la mpesa". Ndinakhozadi kulawa manja a mlimi ndi vintner mu botolo. Pomaliza, wopanga vinyo yemwe ali wotsimikiza za luso lake, luso lake, ndi sayansi ndipo salola kuti manambala adziwe zomwe angagwire m'botolo lake.

Nditha kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "zowona," ku vinyo wa Fakin, koma mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso (ngakhale kuzunzidwa). Mwina mawu ofotokozera bwino ndi akuti “zoona.” Chomwe chimapangitsa vinyo wa Fakin kukhala wofunikira (kwa ine) ndikuti ndimatha kuwona wopanga vinyo mu vinyoyo. Croatia (pakadali pano) amalola vintner kutenga masomphenya ake a zomwe vinyo ayenera / angakhale - ndikubweretsa moyo. Marko Fakin momveka bwino ali ndi ntchito yophatikizana ndi mkamwa wa sommelier kupanga vinyo omwe ali owona kwa masomphenya ake ndi ntchito yake - kuti wopanga vinyo ayenera kudziwa bwino mphesa zake kuti apange vinyo wabwino kwambiri.

Malingaliro Osankhidwa

1. 2020 Fakin Malvazija. 100% Malvazija Istriana. Vinyo woyamba wokhala ndi Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) yemwe amachokera ku Istra Peninsula ku Croatia. Pakali pano, mitundu yachiwiri yobzalidwa kwambiri ku Croatia pambuyo pa Grasevina. Zokolola ndi manja. Maceration maola 3-6; wokalamba mu zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kwa miyezi 6.

Zindikirani: M'maso, vinyo woyera wouma uyu amawonetsa mtundu wachikasu wagolide wokhala ndi zobiriwira. Kununkhira kokoma komwe kumachokera ku swirl kumapereka chithunzi chopepuka cha mapeyala aku Asia ndi ma tangerines. M'kamwa, mélange wa mapichesi, maapulo, uchi, manyumwa, maamondi, ndi zipatso zamwala zotenthedwa ndi dzuwa, zosakanikirana ndi mandimu, zomwe zimapatsa acidity yoyera, yomveka bwino yomwe imapangitsa kuti munthu azisangalala. Zosangalatsa komanso zosaiwalika koma osati "zokankhira" - mpaka kumapeto. Kulawa ndikosavuta koma kosiyana kumapanga kampu yosangalatsa.

2. 2019 Fakin Teran. Mitundu ya mphesa - Teran. Zokolola ndi manja. Maceration ndi nayonso mphamvu kwa masiku 21. Wokalamba kwa miyezi 8 muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.

Vinyo wofiira woumayu amapangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wamphesa wofiyira wofunikira kwambiri kudera la Istrian. Imakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira wa ruby ​​​​omwe umasinthika kukhala ma toni ofiira a njerwa akamakalamba. Mphuno ndi wokondwa ndi zokometsera zonse ndi amphamvu ndi zipatso patsogolo. Amapereka acidity ndi tannins zomwe zimasonyeza dzanja la akatswiri opanga vinyo.

Zindikirani: Kununkhira kwa mphuno kumabweretsa zokometsera ndi zipatso. M'kamwa, amapereka mabulosi akuda, plums, blueberries, oak, fodya, cloves, zikopa, nthaka, ndi chokoleti. Mitengo yazitsamba yamtchire ya sitiroberi zakutchire imawonjezera mpweya ndi moyo m'kamwa. Chitumbuwa chakuda chakuda ndi craisin chimasakanikirana ndi zolemba zachitsulo ndi ma raspberries ofiira omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali.

Pambuyo pa Vinyo waku Croatia

Makampani opanga vinyo amapikisana ndipo chaka chilichonse pali mabotolo opitilira 36 biliyoni omwe amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, okhala ndi zilembo zavinyo zopitilira miliyoni imodzi. Opanga vinyo amavutika kuti akhale apadera komanso otetezedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo Fakin wakumana ndi vutoli. Mukafuna vinyo yemwe amabweretsa zofewa, zokoma kumphuno ndi m'kamwa mwanu, musaphonye mwayi wotenga mabotolo angapo a vinyo wa Fakin pa nkhomaliro yotsatira, brunch, chakudya chamadzulo, ndi nthawi yapadera.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.

Mndandanda wa magawo awiriwa umayang'ana malo angapo omwe amapanga vinyo wosaiwalika (zabwino kapena zoyipa).

Lingaliro la kugula vinyo ndilovuta kwambiri kuposa kusankha pazinthu zina zambiri. Ngakhale kukoma ndi chinthu chomwe chimakonda kwambiri, ndi chiopsezo chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri ogula. Chifukwa pafupifupi zinthu zonse zogulira sizimaphatikizapo mwayi wolawa vinyo musanagule, ogula amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha botolo ndikulemba ngati zidziwitso za zomwe zili mkati mwa botolo.

Wogula vinyo amaika phindu pa zomwe akumana nazo pa vinyo potengera zambiri: Zamkati (kununkhiza ndi kulawa) ndi zakunja (chiyambi, mawonekedwe a botolo/mtundu, mtundu, zoikamo, mphotho, mtengo, kukhudzidwa kwa ogula pogula).

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