Economics of Greek Wine Viwanda

Chiyambi: Kupeza Vinyo Wachi Greek - A Palate Adventure

M'magulu anayi awa, "Vinyo Wachi Greek. Zing'onozing'ono + Zokhudza Zazikulu," timayang'ana chifukwa chake vinyo wachi Greek ayenera kukhala pa radar yanu.

Mitundu Yambiri Ya Mphesa: Greece ili ndi mphesa zopitilira 300, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Kusiyanasiyana kochititsa chidwi kumeneku kumalola okonda vinyo kuti mufufuze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa zomwe zikuwonetsa cholowa cha Greece cholemera cha viticultural. Kuchokera ku Assyrtiko wonyezimira komanso woyendetsedwa ndi mchere kupita ku zonunkhira komanso zamaluwa Moschofilero, pali vinyo wachigiriki woyenerera mkamwa uliwonse. Kuwona mitundu yamtunduwu kuli ngati kuyamba ulendo wodutsa ku Greece ndi chikhalidwe.

Distinctive Terroir: Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo ku Greece, kuwala kwadzuwa kochuluka, ndi dothi lapaderadera kumapangitsa vinyo wake kukhala wabwino kwambiri. Nyengo yadzuwa komanso yowuma imalola mphesa kupsa mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala onunkhira komanso acidity yowoneka bwino. Dothi lopyapyala komanso losauka, lomwe nthawi zambiri limapezeka kumapiri, limakakamiza mipesa kuvutikira, kutulutsa zokolola zochepa koma mphesa zabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikizana kwazinthu izi kumapangitsa vinyo kukhala wovuta, wozama, komanso malo amphamvu.

Vinyo Woyera Wokopa: Vinyo woyera wachi Greek adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha zabwino zake komanso mawonekedwe ake apadera. Assyrtiko, yomwe imakula makamaka ku Santorini, imapanga vinyo wouma m'mafupa wokhala ndi asidi wambiri, wotchulidwa kuti ndi mchere, komanso kukoma kokometsetsa kwa citrus. Malagousia ndi Moschofilero amapereka mbiri yonunkhira yokhala ndi zolemba zamaluwa komanso zopatsa chidwi. Vinyo woyera awa ndi wosunthika ndipo amaphatikizana bwino ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osangalatsa kuwonjezera pagulu lililonse la vinyo.

Vinyo Wofiyira Wofiira: Mavinyo ofiira achi Greek, makamaka Xinomavro ndi Agiorgitiko, adakopa chidwi pakuzama kwawo komanso zovuta zake. Xinomavro, nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi Nebbiolo ya ku Italy, imapanga zofiira zoyenerera zaka zambiri zokhala ndi ma tannins olimba, acidity yowoneka bwino, komanso kukoma kwa zipatso zakuda, zonunkhira, ndi nthaka. Agiorgitiko, yemwe amadziwika kuti "Magazi a Hercules" amapereka vinyo wokongola komanso wapakatikati wokhala ndi zokometsera za zipatso zofiira ndi ma tannins a silky. Mavinyo ofiira awa amapereka kupotoza kwapadera pamitundu yakale yamphesa ndipo amapereka chidziwitso chosangalatsa kwa okonda vinyo.

Masitayilo Othandiza Chakudya: Mavinyo achi Greek amadziwika chifukwa chaubwenzi wawo wa chakudya komanso luso lawo lothandizira bwino zakudya za mdzikolo. Ndi kutsindika kwake pa zosakaniza zatsopano, zitsamba zonunkhira, ndi zokometsera zokometsera, zakudya zachi Greek zimagwirizana bwino kwambiri ndi vinyo wachi Greek. Kaya mukusangalala ndi chakudya cham'madzi chokhala ndi Assyrtiko wonyezimira, kuphatikiza mbale ya mwanawankhosa ndi Xinomavro wolimba mtima, kapena kununkhira kwa Greek meze ndi Agiorgitiko wosunthika, mavinyo achi Greek amakweza chodyeramo ndikupanga awiriawiri ogwirizana.

Economics of Greek Wine Viwanda

Greece ili ndi mbiri yayitali komanso yolemera yopanga vinyo, ndipo ili ndi malo ofunikira pachikhalidwe cha dzikolo. Malo apadera a Greece, okhala ndi ma microclimates osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya nthaka, amalola kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ndi kupanga vinyo wokhala ndi zokometsera komanso mawonekedwe ake.

Pankhani ya munda wa mpesa, Greece imadziwika kuti ndi yopanga pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena omwe amapanga vinyo. Dera lonse la minda ya mpesa ku Greece ndi pafupifupi mahekitala 106,000, ndipo kupanga vinyo pachaka kumakhala pafupifupi mahekitala 2.2 miliyoni. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kameneka kamathandizira kuti pakhale kukhazikika komanso mwaluso wogwirizana ndi vinyo wachi Greek.

Makampani opanga vinyo ku Greece akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi a opanga kutengera mphamvu yawo yopanga. Malo opangira vinyo akuluakulu ali ndi mphamvu yopangira ma hectolita oposa 100,000 pachaka, pamene wineries apakati amatulutsa pakati pa 30,000 ndi 100,000 hectoliters pachaka. Malo opangira vinyo ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mabanja, amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zopanga matani osakwana 30,000. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma cooperative omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kupanga ndi kugawa vinyo makamaka pamlingo wamba.

Pali pafupifupi 700-1350 omwe amapanga vinyo ku Greece omwe ali ndi 692 omwe ali ndi chilolezo chopangira vinyo wa PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) ndi PGI (Protected Designation of Indication). Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chiwerengerochi chimaphatikizapo opanga vinyo omwe ali ndi malo ambiri opangira vinyo, omwe amalembedwa kamodzi kokha potengera malo a likulu lawo. Mawu akuti "wogwira ntchito" amatanthauza opanga omwe amapanga kale vinyo wa m'mabotolo. Ena opanga vinyo ku Greece akhoza kukhala ndi minda ya mpesa koma alibe malo opangira vinyo wathunthu, ndipo amadalira malo ena opangira vinyo kuti apange ndi kuthandizidwa. Kupanga vinyo ku Greece kuli ndi magawo ochepa amsika ndipo palibe makampani omwe ali ndi gawo la msika wopitilira 5%.

Gawo la vinyo ku Greece nthawi zambiri limakhala ngati mabizinesi apabanja omwe ali ndi miyambo yakale. Mavinyo a mabanja awa amapititsa patsogolo zikhalidwe, zizindikilo, ndi miyambo yomwe idakhazikika pachikhalidwe chawo komanso cholowa chawo. Ambiri mwa mabanjawa adzipangira mbiri yolimba pamsika kwazaka zambiri, chifukwa cha kudzipereka kwawo ku khalidwe labwino komanso kudzipereka kwawo kusunga makhalidwe apadera a vinyo wachi Greek.

Kukula kwachibale mumakampani avinyo achi Greek kungayambitsidwe ndi:

1. 1969, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira kuti alowe mu European Union, Greece idakonzanso malamulo ake avinyo.

2. 1988, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "vinyo wachigawo" kunavomerezedwa ndi malamulo adziko.

Izi zidapangitsa kuti mavinyo apangidwe komanso kutsitsimutsa gawo la vinyo mdziko muno. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwalimbikitsidwa ndi zochita za opanga vinyo m'madera angapo omwe apanga mabungwe osapindula.

Kukula kwa msika wamakampani ogulitsa vinyo ku Greece (2023) kuyezedwa ndi ndalama ndi 182.0m Euros. Msikawu watsika ndi 15 peresenti pachaka pakati pa 1018 ndi 2023. Makampaniwa amalemba ntchito anthu 3580 pakupanga vinyo (2023) ndi antchito 4.8 pa winery iliyonse.

Ogula amalimbikitsidwa

Vinyo wachi Greek amapereka zovuta kwa ogula chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri ya mphesa zakubadwa zomwe zimalimidwa. Ngakhale kuti mphesazi zakhazikika bwino, zambiri kuyambira kale, sizikudziwikabe kunja kwa Greece ndipo mayina awo nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuwatchula. Mayina a vinyo, madera, ndi opanga nawonso amapereka vuto lofananalo.

Kulemba kwa vinyo wa ku Greece kumatengera malamulo a European Union pagawo la vinyo chifukwa chake ayenera kutsatira malamulo ena. Chilembo cha vinyo chopangidwa bwino chimakhala ndi zonse zofunika komanso zomwe mungasankhe, malinga ndi gulu la vinyo.

Vinyo opangidwa ndi mayiko a European Union, omwe Greece ndi membala, agawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: VQPRD (French for Quality Wines Produced in a Determined Region) ndi Table Wines. Gulu lapamwamba la Vin Table ndi Mavinyo Achigawo omwe amatchedwanso Vins de Pays.

Vinyo wokhala ndi Appellation - VQPRD

Ku Greece, pali magulu awiri a VQPRD:

1. Vinyo Omwe Ali ndi Mawu Abwino Kwambiri [Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Ανωτέρας Ποιότητος or ΟΠΑΠ]

2. Vinyo Omwe Ali ndi Dzina Lachiyambi Cholamulidwa [Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Eλεγχόμενης kapena ΟΠΕ] omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa vinyo wa mchere.

Kuti vinyo atsimikizidwe ngati Chizindikiro cha Origin, ayenera kutsatira malamulo okhudzana ndi madera omwe afotokozedwa:

a. Kumene mphesa zimaloledwa kulima

b. Mitundu ya mphesa

c. Njira yolima

d. Zokolola zazikulu pa ekala

e. Kuchuluka kwa mowa

f. Njira ya vinification

g. Zomverera za vinyo wopangidwa

Pali Makalata 28 ku Greece. 20 ndi Matchulidwe a Ubwino Wapamwamba Wavinyo wowuma ndipo 8 ndi Matchulidwe a Controlled Origin avinyo wavinyo.

Ndani Akumwa?

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi psychographics ya anthu omwe amamwa vinyo wachi Greek amatha kusiyana, chifukwa kumwa vinyo kumakhudzidwa ndi zomwe munthu amakonda, chikhalidwe chawo, komanso zomwe amakonda. Komabe, mawonekedwe ochepa amafotokozera omwe amasangalala ndi vinyo wachi Greek:

Okonda Vinyo: Anthu omwe amakonda kwambiri vinyo, amasangalala kuyang'ana madera osiyanasiyana a vinyo, ndikuyamikira kununkhira kwapadera ndi makhalidwe a vinyo padziko lonse lapansi akhoza kukhala omasuka kuyesa vinyo wachi Greek. Atha kufunafuna madera osadziwika bwino kapena madera avinyo ndi mitundu ya mphesa, kuphatikiza zomwe zimapezeka ku Greece.

Cultural Explorers: Anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zofufuza zachikhalidwe komanso kukumana ndi zakudya ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amakopeka ndi vinyo wachi Greek. Anthuwa amatha kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa za chikhalidwe, mbiri, ndi miyambo yachi Greek, ndipo amawona vinyo ngati njira yowonera ndikulumikizana ndi cholowa cha dzikolo.

Adventurous Palates: Anthu omwe amasangalala kuyesa zokometsera zatsopano, kufunafuna zokumana nazo zapadera, ndi kutuluka kunja kwa malo awo otonthoza amatha kukopeka ndi vinyo wachi Greek. Greece imapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa zakomweko, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, zomwe zimapereka mwayi kwa okonda vinyo kuti afufuze ndikupeza zokometsera zatsopano.

Okonda Chakudya ndi Vinyo: Mavinyo achi Greek nthawi zambiri amasangalatsidwa limodzi ndi zakudya zachi Greek, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha zosakaniza zake zatsopano, zokometsera zaku Mediterranean, ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Anthu omwe amayamikira kuphatikizika kwa chakudya ndi vinyo, komanso kusangalala ndi kufufuza zakudya ndi vinyo pawiri, angapeze vinyo wachi Greek kukhala chisankho chowonjezera pazokonda zawo zophikira.

Aphunzitsi ndi Akatswiri a Vinyo: Sommelie, asambizi wa vii, na avyazi umu mulimo wa kusimikila, ukulemba, nanti ukulanzyanya pali vino vingacita pa kuti acite vimwi ivikacitika ku Cigiliki. Iwo akhoza

Anthu okhala ku Greece ndi omwe amagula vinyo wachi Greek. Mibadwo yaying'ono idayenera kutsimikiza kuti kumwa vinyo kunali kofala pomwe mibadwo yakale imayenera kusinthidwa kukhala vinyo wa mabotolo (kusiyana ndi kuchuluka). Iwo anafunika kuphunzila kuti vinyo akhoza kukhala cinthu cokoma pa umoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Tsoka ilo, akatswiri ambiri a vinyo ndi ogula amagwirizanitsa vinyo wachi Greek ndi Retsina, osadziwa kuti retsina yamakono imakhala yopepuka komanso yotsitsimula, ndipo sichimasokoneza zithunzi za mafuta.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.

Werengani Part 1 apa: Vinyo! Greek Kwa Ine