Ulendo waku Nepal Wagwidwa mu Chinyengo cha China: Pokhara International Airport

Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo Nepal, Pokhara ndi malo otsogola okopa alendo omwe ali ndi anthu achiwiri kwa likulu la dzikolo - Kathmandu. Pokhara ndi makilomita 200 okha (makilomita 120) kumadzulo kwa Kathmandu, mzindawu uli ndi nyanja zokongola - monga Phewa - ndipo umatchedwanso "City of Lakes".

Pokhara, yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita 822 m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Phewa, ili pafupi ndi Annapurna Range. Izi zikuphatikiza nsonga zitatu zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: Dhaulagiri, Annapurna I, ndi Manaslu, zomwe zili pamtunda wamakilomita 15 mpaka 35 kuchokera mumzindawu.

Pokhara, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi likulu la zokopa alendo ku Nepal, ndi poyambira anthu apaulendo omwe akuyenda paulendo wopita ku Annapurna Circuit m'chigawo chochititsa chidwi cha Annapurna Conservation Area ku Himalayas.

Tribhuwan International Airport (TIA) ndi eyapoti yayikulu ku Nepal. Kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka kumangidwa kwa eyapoti ina ku Pokhara, TIA inali eyapoti yokha yapadziko lonse lapansi yogwira ntchito ku Nepal.

Bwalo la ndege la Pokhara Regional International Airport (PRIA) lapereka lipoti la anthu okwera 4,000 tsiku lililonse panthawi yachikondwerero chaposachedwa.

Alendo ochulukirapo akunja panthawi yatchuthi komanso nyengo zoyendera alendo apangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu okwera panjira ya Pokhara-Kathmandu-Pokhara kuchuluke.

Komabe, bwalo la ndege likufuna kuthandiza anthu 1 miliyoni pachaka.

Pokhara's Decade-Old Dream for the International Airport & Chinese Debt Trap

Nepal ikufuna kumanga bwalo la ndege ku Pokhara kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndikuliganizira ngati malo ofunikira kwambiri okopa alendo. Kupita patsogolo kudayima chifukwa cha zovuta zandale komanso zachuma mpaka China idalowererapo kuti ithandizire.

Ntchito yomanga bwalo la ndegeyi ikugwirizana ndi cholinga cha China chokhazikitsa mphamvu zake kunja kwa ulamuliro waku America. Kuyandikira kwa Nepal ku India, yomwe ikukwera mphamvu m'chigawo, kumawonjezera phindu ku China. Bwalo la ndege lomwe lamalizidwa tsopano likulimbikitsidwa ndi Beijing ngati gawo la Purezidenti Xi Jinping's Belt and Road Initiative.

Ndondomeko yoyendetsera ndalama imadziwikanso ndi zomangamanga zotsika mtengo komanso nthawi zina zomwe zimalemetsa mayiko omwe akubwereketsa ndi ngongole.

Ku Nepal, China CAMC Engineering inatsogolera ntchito ya eyapoti, kuitanitsa zipangizo ndi makina kuchokera ku China, kuphatikiza luso lachi China ndi mapangidwe. Komabe, kafukufuku wa New York Times adavumbulutsa zomwe kampaniyo ikuyang'ana pa phindu lake, ndikuyika pambali kuyang'anira kwa Nepal.

Zotsatira zake, Nepal, tsopano, ikuyang'anizana ndi bwalo la ndege lokwera mtengo popanda magalimoto okwanira kubweza ngongole zake kwa wobwereketsa waku China.

Pokhara International Airport: Zomangamanga & Zodetsa nkhawa

Mu 2011, nduna ya zachuma ku Nepal idagwirizana ndi malingaliro a CAMC asanapereke mpikisano, patsogolo pa kudzipereka kwa China kupereka ndalama zoyendetsera bwalo la ndege. Mgwirizano wa ngongole waku China udalola makampani aku China okha kupikisana. CAMC poyambirira idapereka $305 miliyoni, kuyerekeza kawiri, zomwe zidayambitsa mikangano.

Potsirizira pake, atatha kufufuza, mtengowo unachepetsedwa kufika pa $ 216 miliyoni, kuchepa kwa 30%. Mu 2016, mgwirizano wazaka 20 udasainidwa, kotala ngati ngongole yopanda chiwongola dzanja ndipo ena onse adabwereka ku Exim Bank ya China pa chiwongola dzanja cha 2%, kubweza kuyambira 2026. Ntchito yomanga idayamba chaka chotsatira.

Mu 2018, Murari Gautam, yemwe amayang'anira kontrakitala waku China, adadzutsa nkhawa.

Poyambirira adayikidwa pa $ 2.8 miliyoni kwa alangizi kuti awonetsetse kuti ntchito zomanga zapadziko lonse lapansi zikuyenda bwino, ndalamazo zidachepetsedwa kukhala $10,000, ndikutumizidwa kwina.

Gautam adawonetsa nkhawa za ntchito ya CAMC, ponena za kuyezetsa dothi kosakwanira kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege, ngalande zosakonzedwa bwino, komanso kusowa kwa zolemba pazabwino za zida zaku China.

Kuchokera pakumanga koyambirira komwe, CAMC sinayang'ane pakupereka eyapoti yabwino; m'malo mwake, kunali kungomaliza ntchitoyo.

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Kulumikizana pakati pa CAMC ndi China IPPR International Engineering, kampani ya Sinomach, kudadzutsa nkhawa za mikangano yomwe ingachitike. Nkhawa izi zidakulirakulira CAMC itapeza IPPR mu 2019.

Yemwe anali wogwira ntchito ku IPPR a Jacky Zhao adawulula kuti adalangizidwa kuti asayang'ane mosamalitsa ntchito ya CAMC, ndikuwonetsa chidwi chakumalizidwa kwa projekiti ndikutsimikizira zabwino. Zonena za zolemba zabodza mkati mwa gulu la polojekiti zidawonjezera nkhani.

Mu Ogasiti 2022, IPPR idathetsa Zhao ndi wogwira ntchito wina, Mayi Wang, chifukwa chosabwerera ku China monga adalangizidwa, kutchula madandaulo awo akale okhudza $ 11,000 pazachuma zomwe sanalipidwe monga chifukwa chothamangitsidwa.

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Mwanjira ina, woyang'anira polojekiti waku China wochokera ku CAMC adachita ngozi yapamsewu yomwe idapha munthu woyenda pansi. Anapezeka ndi mlandu wa "imfa yapamsewu" pomwe amayendetsa Toyota Hilux yake "mokhudzidwa".

Mlanduwo unathetsedwa popatsa banja la wozunzidwayo ndalama ndi malo ogulitsa khofi pabwalo la ndege. Pambuyo pake mlanduwo unathetsedwa mwalamulo pamene Khothi Lalikulu la Pokhara linagamula mokomera bwanayo ponena kuti palibe mowa kapena kuyendetsa mosasamala zomwe zachititsa kuti aphedwe.

Zinali zofunikira kuti manijala omwe amayang'anira ntchito zambiri atulutsidwe mwachangu kuti a CAMC ndi akuluakulu aku Nepalese akwaniritse - ntchito yomanga ma eyapoti mosasokoneza.

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China-Nepal-India: A Complex Geopolitical Trio

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa bwalo la ndege la Pokhara International Airport, ofesi ya kazembe waku China ku Nepal idalemba pa Twitter, ndikutcha bwalo la ndege la Pokhara ngati projekiti yayikulu yogwirizana pakati pa China ndi Nepal's Belt and Road Initiative. Komabe, zonenazi zikusemphana ndi mfundo yakuti ntchito yomanga bwalo la ndegeyo inayamba pulogalamu ya zomangamanga ku China isanayambike.

Kazembe waku China Chen Song adatchula bwalo la ndege ngati gawo lalikulu la mgwirizano wa Belt ndi Road mu Juni, zomwe pambuyo pake adafotokozanso - kuti China sichingakhazikitse dzinalo ku Nepal koma ipitiliza kutsata mapulani ake.

Kulumikizana kwa eyapoti ya Pokhara ku Belt and Road Initiative kumabweretsa zovuta ku Nepal, chifukwa India akuwona izi mwanzeru zaku China. Chifukwa chake, bwalo la ndege likukumana ndi zovuta kukopa ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi, popanda ndege zaku India zomwe zikuwonetsa chidwi chogwira ntchito kumeneko.

Kafukufuku wotheka wochitidwa ndi CAMC mchaka cha 2014 adawonetsa kuti bwalo la ndege lidzakhala lopindulitsa mokwanira kubweza ngongole zake. Komabe, izi zidadalira anthu pafupifupi 280,000 okwera padziko lonse lapansi pofika 2025.

Pakadali pano, palibe ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zikuyenda kuchokera ku eyapoti yapadziko lonse ya Pokhara, zomwe zikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi.

Malinga ndi malipoti am'deralo, nduna yayikulu ya Chigawo cha Gandaki Krishna Chandra Pokharel adapempha boma la China kuti lisinthe ngongole yomwe idaperekedwa pomanga bwalo la ndege la Pokhara kukhala thandizo.

Pokhara International Airport: Physical Infrastructure

Pokhara Regional International Airport (PRIA) - yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa Januware 1, 2023 - ili ndi njanji imodzi yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mita 2,500 ndi 45 m'lifupi, yolunjika kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo yokhala ndi zilembo zapadera.

Pali mzere wothamanga wa mita 330. Njira yothamangira konkriti imakhala ndi mzere wapakati, m'mphepete, zone ya touchdown, ndi zolembera pakhomo. Kuphatikiza apo, msewu wa taxi wamakilomita 1.2 umayendera limodzi ndi mbali yakumpoto kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege, womwe ndi wamtali wa mita 23. Zomangamanga zam'mbali mwa ndege zimaphatikizapo misewu yotuluka, misewu yolowera, ndi msewu wa aerodrome.

Msewuwu umakhala ndi ndege monga Airbus A320 ndi Boeing 737. Ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi zimangokhala kumadera akum'mawa kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege, pomwe ndege zapanyumba zimagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo.

Bwalo la ndegeli lili ndi ma terminals awiri a anthu onse, imodzi iliyonse yamayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi komanso apanyumba. Zomangamangazi zikuphatikizapo malo okwana 10,000-square-meter international terminal omwe ali ndi denga lachitsulo komanso nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi katundu wa 3,500-square-mita. Malo okwerera padziko lonse lapansi amatha kuyendetsa anthu okwana 610 pa ola lililonse.

Malo onse awiriwa ataphatikizidwa amatha kunyamula anthu miliyoni imodzi pachaka, pomwe malo okwana 4,000-square-metres anyumba omwe amakhala kumadzulo kwa bwalo la ndege.

Pokhara Airport M'mbuyomu

Asanamangidwe PRIA yatsopano, bwalo la ndege la Pokhara linatumikira anthu pafupifupi 1 miliyoni mu 2022.

Mu 2022, bwalo la ndege la Pokhara linali ndi anthu 883,536, pomwe 81,176 anali alendo.

(Zolemba kuchokera ku The New York Times & Local Media)