Botswana ikuyitanitsa kuletsa kusaka ndi kugulitsa njovu zikuchepa

Zotsatira zakufufuza kwaposachedwa kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa njovu ku Botswana zikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa njovu 126,000, kutsika kwinanso kuchokera ku 131,600 komwe kunanenedwa mu 2014. Ripotilo likuwonetsa umboni wobwerezabwereza wa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kupha njovu m'malo anayi otentha kumpoto kwa Botswana, komwe kunayamba mvula yamkuntho chaka chatha.

Ripotilo la Elephants without Border (EWB) ladza pambuyo poti komiti yayikulu ya nduna idapereka lipoti lawo losaka kwa Purezidenti Masisi Lachinayi sabata yatha, lomwe silikutanthauza kungochotsa chiletso chokhacho, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa njovu zanthawi zonse komanso nyama yanjovu kumalongeza mafakitale azakudya za ziweto, komanso kutseka njira zina zosamukira nyama zakutchire.

Boma la Botswana m'mbuyomu lidapereka lingaliro ku CITES pokonzekera msonkhano wa CoP18 mu Meyi chaka chino, ndikupempha kuti asinthe ndandanda ya CITES ya njovu yaku Africa ya savannah kuti ilole kugulitsa zikho zosaka, nyama zamoyo komanso masheya (a boma) minyanga ya njovu.

Malinga ndi lipoti la African Elephant Status (2016), Njovu zaku Botswana idatsika ndi 15% pazaka 10 zapitazo. Lipotili likuwonetseratu kuti njovu za ku Botswana sizikuchulukirachulukira, monga momwe zimanenedwera nthawi zambiri munjira zandale komanso zosaka. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kukukhalabe kwakukulu ku Southern Africa, kwenikweni ndi 100, 000 yocheperako kuposa 237,000 nthawi zambiri wotchulidwa ndi andale komanso atolankhani ku Botswana. Poyesa kulungamitsa kusaka ndi kusaka.

Njovu za EWB za 126,000 zimakhazikitsidwa pofufuza mlengalenga mchigawo chonse, chophimba malo okulirapo kuposa kafukufuku wakale wa EWB. Gulu lolumikizana la EWB ndi DWNP lidawuluka kwa masiku 62, kujambula ma transect opitilira 32,000 km ndikuphimba ma 100,000 km² a Botswana, kuphatikizapo Chobe, Makgadikgadi ndi Nxai Pan National Parks ndi madera ozungulira Wildlife Management Areas, Okavango Delta ndi Moremi Game Reserve, ndi madera abusa ku Ngamiland, Chobe ndi Central District. 

Malo anayi ophera njovu omwe adawululidwa Kumpoto kwa Botswana

Chiyambireni kafukufuku womaliza mu 2014, gulu lofufuza la EWB lapeza kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mitembo ya njovu yatsopano komanso yaposachedwa, monga njovu zomwe zidamwalira mchaka chatha cha zachilengedwe komanso kupha nyama.

Gulu la EWB lidatsimikiza kuti pamitembo ya njovu 128 zosakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, 72 idatsimikiziridwa pansi kapena poyesa mlengalenga monga adaphedwa ndi opha nyama zopanda ngozi komanso ena 22 kuchokera pazithunzi zofufuza ngati omwe adazunzidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitembo 79 yoposa chaka chimodzi idayesedwa pamalo amodzi, pomwe 63 idatsimikiziridwa kuti idalowetsedwa. Kuchuluka kwa nyama zakufa zakula kuchoka pa 6.8% mpaka 8.1% pakati pa 2014 ndi 2018, zomwe zimavomerezedwa kuti zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa njovu zomwe zitha kutsika.

Njovu imakhalabe yonse ikuwonetsa umboni wowoneka bwino wopha ndi mtundu womwewo wa modus operandi. Osaka nyama mozemba amawombera nyama ndi mfuti zapamwamba kwambiri akabwera kudzamwa pazipululu zakutali za nyengo. Njovu ikapanda kufa nthawi yomweyo, mmodzi mwa anthu opha nyama mosayenera amailepheretsa kuti iwononge msana ndi nkhwangwa. Zingwe zawo zathyoledwa, zimawononga kwambiri chigaza, thunthu limachotsedwa pankhope pake, ndipo nyamayo imakutidwa ndi nthambi zodulidwa poyesa kubisa nyama yakufa.

Anthu opha nyama mozemba akuoneka kuti akugwira ntchito m'dera linalake, akuloza ng'ombe zamphongozo ndi nyanga zazikulu, asanapite kumalo ena. Sikuti akuthamangira, chifukwa msasa wa anthu osaka nyama udapezedwanso pafupi ndi gulu limodzi la nyama zakufa.

Gulu lowonetsetsa pansi latsimikizira kuti njovu zambiri zomwe zalakwiridwazo ndi ng'ombe zamkati zazaka 35 mpaka 45 zakubadwa. Izi zikugwirizananso ndi umboni mu lipoti loti kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe kwatsika kuchoka pa anthu 21,600 mu 2014 mpaka 19,400 mu 2018.

Kupha nyama moperewera kumeneku kumapezeka makamaka m'malo anayi otentha ku Northern Botswana - dera lomwe lili pakati pa Pan Handle ndi Caprivi Strip, kudera lozungulira la Savuti la Chobe kuphatikiza Khwai ndi Linyanti, pafupi ndi Maun, komanso kudera la Chobe ndi Nxai Pan.

Gulu la asayansi asanu ndi anayi odziyimira pawokha a njovu adasanthula lipoti la EWB ndipo adapeza kuti sayansiyo ndiyolimba. Membala m'modzi adati, "iyi ndi lipoti lokwanira bwino komanso lolembedwa mosamala lomwe likuwonetsa kukhwimitsa kwakukulu".

Komabe, boma la Botswana likuyesetsabe kukayikira pazinthu zingapo zofotokozedwa mu lipotilo, ngati gawo limodzi lazandale zosokoneza. EWB amatsutsa mwamphamvu zomwe boma lanena ndipo ati zikudandaula kuti boma silinawalankhule nawo mwachindunji kuti akambirane za lipotilo.

Kuphatikiza pa kuphedwa kwa njovu, zipembere 13 zidaphedwa ndi achiwembu m'miyezi 11 yokha ku Botswana, atatu mwa iwo anali ku Okavango Delta. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupha nyama zakutchire ndikowopsa, koma chomvetsa chisoni sichakuti ndi Botswana okha.

Dr Iain Douglas-Hamilton, membala wa gulu lowunikirali, akuti "mwa lingaliro langa [kuchuluka kwa EWB] komwe kukuwonetsa kuti kupha njovu kwawonjezeka kufika pamlingo waukulu kuposa momwe zimaganiziridwapo kale, kukuwonjezera kuthekera kwakuti kukula kwina kungakhale kotheka".

Membala wina akuwonjezera kuti, "sizabwino kunena kuti, ngati kuwononga kwawoko komwe kukupitilira kukupitilira, pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kwakukulu kwa njovu. Andale sakonda kuwona kufalitsa nkhani zoipa ngakhale izi zikuyenera kukhala ngati chenjezo, ndipo njira zopewera ziyenera kuchitidwa ”.