Ndikalowa m’sitolo ya nsapato, ndimapatsidwa nthawi yochuluka yoti ndiyang’ane nsapato iliyonse imene ili pachionetserocho, kuitembenuza kuti ndione mtengo wake, kusankha (nsapato) zimene zimawoneka bwino, ndiyeno n’kupita kwa wogulitsa. Ndikalowa m'sitolo ya masangweji, ndimakhala ndi nthawi padziko lonse lapansi kuyang'ana zowonetsera, kuwerenga mindandanda yapakhoma, kuwona zomwe ena akuyitanitsa, ndiyeno, ndikakonzeka, kujowina mzere, ndikuyika dongosolo.
Tsoka ilo, ndikalowa m'sitolo ya vinyo, ndimamva ngati ndikulowa m'malo osungiramo magalimoto akale. Ndidachita chidwi kwambiri ndi wogwira ntchitoyo, ndikufunsa kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa vinyo womwe ndikufuna, ndikunditengera gawolo ndipo "iye" amagwedezeka pamene ndikuyang'ana zolembazo, ndikundikokera ku "chizindikiro" chake / botolo / mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ndimaona kuti kugula ndi ntchito yanthawi yopumula, ndikutenga nthawi zonse padziko lapansi kuganizira zomwe ndingasankhe.
Monga wolemba vinyo ndimakonda kwambiri kuyang'ana zolembazo, kuchoka ku French kupita ku gawo la Chitaliyana, kudutsa gawo la Chisipanishi, ndipo ngakhale kuyang'ana zomwe zilipo kuchokera ku New York, California, Missouri, Arizona, Texas komanso Israel. , Portugal, Australia, China, ndi Kosovo.
Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi vuto la sitolo ya vinyo ndikuwerenga mwachangu cholembera pabotolo la vinyo, ndikutuluka ndi vinyo womwe mukufuna osati botolo lomwe wogwira ntchito akufuna kundigulitsa.
Spanish Wine Label 101
Chilembo cha vinyo cha ku Spain ndi mapu otsogolera ku zomwe zikuyembekezera mkati mwa botolo.
1. Dzina la Vinyo
2. Vintage. Chaka kapena Malo / Malo vinyo, makamaka vinyo wapamwamba kwambiri (ie, DO Denominacion de Origen), anapangidwa.
• Si chaka chilichonse chomwe chimakhala chabwino kwa vinyo. Zaka zina ndi zabwino kuposa zina.
• DO Iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso kukoma kwake. Njira yokhayo yodziwira zomwe mumakonda ndikulawa (mayesero ndi zolakwika).
3. Ubwino wa Vinyo. Spain imafuna kukalamba pang'ono mu botolo ndi migolo ya oak kuti iwoneke ngati Crianza, Reserva, kapena Gran Reserva:
• Crianza. Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi m'migolo ya oak
• Posungira. Vinyo wazaka zitatu wokhala ndi zaka zosachepera 3 m'migolo ya oak
• Gran Reserva. Vinyo wazaka zosachepera 5-zaka: 2-zaka mu migolo ya oak, ndi zaka 3 m'mabotolo.
Mitundu ya Vinyo
Vinyo nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuti apititse patsogolo chakudya; Komabe, mavinyo ambiri amatha kudzigwira okha ndipo ndiabwino kumamwa popanda chakudya:
o Blanco - Woyera
o Rosado - Rose
o Tinto - Wofiira (mawu a Chisipanishi: ROJO; komabe, vinyo wofiira amadziwika kuti Vino Tinto)
Mitundu ya Vinyo
o Cava – vinyo wonyezimira wopangidwa mwachikhalidwe (ganizirani Champagne)
o Vino Espumoso - Sparking Wine wopangidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana ku Spain choncho saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito liwu lakuti CAVA pamalebulo chifukwa sakutsimikizira malamulo operekedwa ndi bungwe loyang'anira Cava.
o Vino Dulce/Vina para Postres – Vinyo wotsekemera kapena wa Dessert
Magulu Ovomerezeka
o DOCa – Denominacion de Origen Calificada. Madera opangira vinyo okha ndi omwe amatsimikiziridwa kuti amapereka vinyo wapamwamba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, Rioja ndi Priorat)
o Vinyo wopangidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi DO amatetezedwa ndi lamulo. M'mbuyomu mavinyo a DO amatengedwa ngati abwino kwambiri; komabe, mavinyo aposachedwa omwe sali DO adafanana kapena kupitilira mavinyo a DO
o Vina de la Tierra (VdLT). Vinyo wochokera kudera linalake. Nthawi zina, mavinyowa amawonedwa ngati "wachiwiri abwino kwambiri". Izi sizowonanso.
o Parcelario. "Mosavomerezeka" - mawu otanthauza vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zomwe walimidwa pagawo limodzi.
o Vino d’Autor. Imawonetsa kalembedwe ka wopanga vinyo, ndipo imakhala ndi dzina lake. Izi zitha (kapena ayi) kugwirizana ndi malamulo a DO kapena VdLT.
o Vina de La Mesa. Vinyo wa patebulo womwe uli pansi pa makwerero amtundu wa vinyo waku Spain. Komabe, izi sizowona nthawi zonse. Pali mavinyo ena opangidwa m'madera a DO kapena DOCa omwe samakwaniritsa malamulo opangidwa ndi Conselo Regulador (Regulating Council) ya derali, ndipo vinyo ayenera kulembedwa kuti Vina de La Mesa. M'malo mwake, mavinyowa amatha kukhala okwera mtengo kuposa vinyo wovomerezeka wa DO wochokera kudera lomwelo.
Malamulo Ena
o Roble - Oak! Mawuwa ali kumbuyo kwa malemba, amapereka chidziwitso cha nthawi yomwe vinyo wathera mu migolo ya oak. Pamaso pa chizindikirocho, amatanthauza thundu - kunena kalembedwe ka vinyo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kuti vinyo wakhala miyezi yosakwana sikisi mu thundu (3-4 miyezi). Ngati vinyoyo waphimbidwa motalika, amatchedwa Crianza kapena Reserva.
o Barrico - Mgolo. Nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa ndi American (American oak) kapena France (French Oak), kusonyeza chiyambi cha nkhuni.
Kukopa kwa Vinyo waku Spain
Pablo Picasso adalimbikitsidwa ndi matauni, minda ya mpesa, ndi anthu a dera la vinyo la ku Spain (Terra Alta) m'zaka za m'ma 20 pamene ankakhala kumapiri. Dziko lapansi likuvomereza pang'onopang'ono nzeru za Picasso ndi Spain nthawi zonse amavotera pakati pa opanga vinyo atatu padziko lonse lapansi (France ndi Italy ndi ena awiri).
Umboni ukuwonetsa kuti mipesa yamphesa idalimidwa ku Spain kuyambira 4000 - 3000 BC. Afoinike anayamba kupanga vinyo m'chaka cha 1100 BC m'dera lamakono la Cadiz ndikugulitsa ngati chinthu, pogwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zadothi zolemera, zosalimba (amphorae) zonyamulira.
Phoenician Maritime Amphora
Aroma anatsatira Afoinike polamulira dziko la Spain, kubzala mpesa, kufotokoza luso lawo la kupanga vinyo kwa anthu okhala kumeneko (ie, Aselote, ndi Iberia). Zochitazo zidalandiridwa kuphatikizapo kuthirira m'miyendo yamwala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito amphorae olimba kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, Spain idatumiza vinyo ku Rome, France ndi England.
Gulu lotsatira kuti lilamulire Spain linali la Islamic Moors of Northern Africa (zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu - zaka za zana la 8). A Moor sankamwa mowa; mwamwayi, iwo sanakakamize zikhulupiriro zawo pa nkhani zawo za Chisipanishi ngakhale kuti luso la kupanga vinyo linaimitsidwa panthawiyi. Chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 15, vinyo wochokera ku Spain anatumizidwa kuchokera ku Bilbao kupita ku England; komabe, ubwino wa vinyo unali wosagwirizana koma vinyo wabwino kwambiri amapikisana bwino ndi zopereka za French ndi Germany.
Pamene a Moor anagonjetsedwa m’zaka za zana la 15, dziko la Spain linagwirizana. Columbus “anatulukira” West Indies kupatsa Spain msika watsopano wapadziko lonse. Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 maziko akupanga vinyo wamakono ku Spain adakhazikitsidwa ndi opanga vinyo ochokera ku Bordeaux, Luciano de Murrieta Garcia-Lemon (Marques de Murrieta), ndi Camilo Hurtado de Amezaga (Marques do Riscal). Amunawa anabweretsa teknoloji ya Bordeaux ku Rioja, ndipo Riscal anabzala munda wa mpesa ku Elciego, kuyambira bodega mu 1860. Mu 1872, Murrieta anayambitsa bodega yake, malo a Ygay, ndipo zina zonse ndi mbiri.
Potsatira mapazi awa, Eloy Lecanda adayamba kupanga vinyo mwaukadaulo mu 1864 pamalo omwe pano amadziwika kuti Vega Sicilia. Ndi mbiri ku Bordeaux, iye anabweretsa French thundu casks m'deralo, pamodzi ndi luso latsopano winemaking, ndi mitundu ya mphesa, kupeza kuti mipesa bwino anakula pafupi ndi mbadwa Tempranillo.
Phylloxera inafalikira ku Spain m’zaka za m’ma 19, ndipo inaukira Rioja mu 1901. Ngakhale kuti njira yothetsera vutoli inali itapangidwa, minda ya mpesa m’dziko lonselo inayenera kubzalidwanso.
Mitundu yambiri ya mphesa yamtunduwu inali pafupi kutha.
Dziko la Spain linalowa m’nyengo ya zipolowe za ndale zomwe zinatha pamene General Francisco Franco anapambana, akulamulira dziko la Spain monga wolamulira wankhanza kuyambira 1939 mpaka imfa yake mu 1975. masakramenti, kuchotsa minda ya mpesa ku Viura ndi zigawo zina.
Pamene Franco adamwalira, kupanga vinyo ku Spain kudayambanso ndipo panali chidwi chatsopano cha vinyo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi anthu apakatikati apamatauni. Spain idalowa nawo European Union mu 1986, ndipo ndalama zatsopano zidapangidwa m'magawo avinyo aku Spain ndi njira zabwino zopangira komanso kusinthika kwakukulu.
Spanish Wine future
Pakadali pano, gawo la vinyo waku Spain likufanana ndi US $ 9,873m (2022), ndipo msika ukuyembekezeka kukula pachaka ndi 6.24 peresenti. Akuti pofika chaka cha 2025, 79 peresenti ya ndalama, ndi 52 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magulu a vinyo adzakhala chifukwa chakumwa kunja kwanyumba (mwachitsanzo, mabala ndi malo odyera). Dziko la Spain ndilo nambala 1 padziko lonse lapansi pakupanga vinyo wa organic wokhala ndi mahekitala opitilira 80,000 olembetsedwa ndikulembedwa kuti apange organic. Wopanga wamkulu, Torres, anali ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a munda wake wamphesa wotulutsa organic.
Spain ikupitilizabe kukumana ndi zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo pomwe nyengo yotentha ikupita ku nyengo yokolola, ndikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa mitundu yambiri ya mphesa yopirira kutentha. Kutentha kwakukulu kwabweretsa kukolola mphesa kwa masiku 10-15 m'zaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo zokolola tsopano zikuchitika mu August, pamene kutentha kumakhala koopsa kwambiri. Kuti athetse vutoli alimi akusuntha minda yawo yamphesa kupita kumtunda.
Kodi Mukukwanira?
Kafukufuku apeza kuti 60 peresenti ya anthu aku Spain amadziona ngati ogula vinyo ndipo 80 peresenti amamwa vinyo nthawi zonse, ndipo 20 peresenti amamwa mwa apo ndi apo. Ambiri mwa omwe amamwawa amakonda vinyo wofiira (72.9 peresenti), pamene ena amakonda vinyo woyera (12.0 peresenti), ananyamuka (6.4 peresenti), vinyo wonyezimira (6 peresenti), ndi vinyo wa sherry / mchere (1.8 peresenti). Anthu ambiri amamwa panyumba m’malo momamwa mowa m’mabala ndi m’malesitilanti ndipo izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusiyana kwamitengo.
Ino ndi nthawi yabwino yowonera vinyo wokongola komanso wokoma waku Spain.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, Dinani apa.
Izi ndizomwe zikuyang'ana kwambiri za Vinyo waku Spain:
Werengani Gawo 1 Pano: Spain Ikweza Masewera Ake Avinyo: Zambiri Kuposa Sangria
Werengani Gawo 2 Pano: Vinyo waku Spain: Lawani Kusiyanako Tsopano
Werengani Gawo 3 Pano: Vinyo Wonyezimira wochokera ku Spain Akutsutsa "The Other Guys"
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.
#vinyo
ZOMWE MUNGACHITE PA NKHANIYI:
- Ndikalowa m'sitolo ya masangweji, ndimakhala ndi nthawi padziko lonse lapansi kuyang'ana zowonetsera, kuwerenga mindandanda yapakhoma, kuwona zomwe ena akuyitanitsa, ndiyeno, ndikakonzeka, kujowina mzere, ndikuyika dongosolo.
- Monga wolemba vinyo ndimakonda kwambiri kuyang'ana zolembazo, kuchoka ku French kupita ku gawo la Chitaliyana, kudutsa gawo la Chisipanishi, ndipo ngakhale kuyang'ana zomwe zilipo kuchokera ku New York, California, Missouri, Arizona, Texas komanso Israel. , Portugal, Australia, China, ndi Kosovo.
- Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi vuto la sitolo ya vinyo ndikuwerenga mwachangu cholembera pabotolo la vinyo, ndikutuluka ndi vinyo womwe mukufuna osati botolo lomwe wogwira ntchito akufuna kundigulitsa.
